担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1055/a-0869-7584

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.03.007

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本成人病(生活習慣病)学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：American Diabetes Association Inc.  

DOI： 10.2337/dc17-2319

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本臨床生理学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：AMER THORACIC SOC  

DOI： 10.1164/rccm.201701-0239LE

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/s40520-016-0631-5

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© 2016 Diabetes India Aims The authors identified the risk of disorders of glucose metabolism (DGM) for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 536 men aged 33–84 years. Patients with diabetes medication were excluded for the analysis and DGM were diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl and/or 2 h plasma glucose ≥140 mg/dl. Results The prevalence of DGM in subjects with and without severe SDB, which was judged by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 30, were 64.9% and 53.3%, which showed no significant difference. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of the logarithmic-transformed AHI and that of C-reactive protein for DGM were 1.3 (0.87-2.0) and 2.3 (1.5-3.6), respectively. When the subjects were categorized by the severity of SDB, the ORs (95% CIs) of subjects with mild, moderate and severe SDB against subjects without SDB were 2.9 (1.8-4.6), 1.2 (0.72-2.1) and 1.5 (0.8-3.0), respectively. Conclusion A significant association was observed between mild SDB and the presence of DGM in male subjects of this study.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.09.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Serotonin is a critical modulator of cortical function, and its metabolism is defective in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) brain. How serotonin metabolism regulates cortical physiology and contributes to the pathological and behavioral symptoms of ASD remains unknown. We show that normal serotonin levels are essential for the maintenance of neocortical excitation/inhibition balance, correct sensory stimulus tuning, and social behavior. Conversely, low serotonin levels in 15q dup mice (a model for ASD with the human 15q11-13 duplication) result in impairment of the same phenotypes. Restoration of normal serotonin levels in 15q dup mice revealed the reversibility of a subset of ASD-related symptoms in the adult. These findings suggest that serotonin may have therapeutic potential for discrete ASD symptoms.

DOI： 10.1126/sciadv.1603001

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

【背景】医療費に占める割合を傷病分類別にみた場合、循環器系疾患が占める割合は他疾患と比較して最も高い。したがって、循環器系疾患の危険因子が集積した病態であるメタボリックシンドローム(MetS)を予防することにより医療費の適正化も期待できると考えられる。本研究では、労働年齢集団におけるMetSの保有や各因子の集積状況がその後の高額医療費、入院発生へ与える影響について検討した。【方法】某精密機器製造企業で平成22年度の定期健康診断を受診し、同社の健康保険組合に継続加入していた社員14,019人(男性12,065人、平均年齢41.1±7.4歳)を対象とし、計5年間の追跡を行なった。健診結果から対象者を非MetS群とMetS群に分類し、多重ロジスティック回帰分析により高額医療費並びに入院発生リスクの検討を行なった。高額医療費の定義は、5年間の1人当たり合計医療費が600,000円以上、対象集団の上位10%以内、上位5%以内の3通りを設定した。更に、MetSの診断基準に基づき対象者を肥満(腹部肥満)の有無とその他の診断基準項目の個数(0個、1個、2個以上)により層別化して分類し同様のリスク分析を行なった。加えて、集団寄与危険割合に準拠して、危険因子が寄与している過剰医療費の推定を行なった。【結果】非MetS群とMetS群を比較すると、MetS群において5年間の1人当たり合計医療費が600,000円以上となるリスクは有意に上昇し(オッズ比[OR]1.91、95%信頼区間[CI]1.55-2.35)、同様に上位10%以内、上位5%以内となるリスクも有意に上昇した。一方、入院発生リスクは有意な上昇を認めなかった(OR1.20、95%CI0.93-1.56)。また、いずれの定義においても高額医療費発生リスクは肥満の有無に関わらずMetS診断基準項目数の増加とともに上昇したが、そのリスクは肥満がある群でより高かった。入院発生リスクに関しては、肥満がある場合のみ有意な上昇を認めた。総医療費に占める過剰医療費の割合については、高額医療費発生リスクが最大となる「肥満/診断基準項目2個以上」の群(1.2%)よりも、より低リスクの群が占める割合が高かった(非肥満/診断基準1個、1.5%;肥満/診断基準1個、2.5%)。【結語】比較的若年の労働者集団において、MetSの保有は高額医療費発生のリスクを上昇させた。また、MetSの診断基準となる代謝異常の集積は高額医療発生リスクを段階的に上昇させた。一方、過剰医療費割合の分析結果から、医療費の適正化に際しては高リスク群への介入のみならずより低リスクの群に対しても肥満や代謝異常への介入を行なっていくことの重要性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The present study investigated the effects of diesel exhaust (DE) on an experimental model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. BLM was intravenously administered to both Nrf2+/+and Nrf2−/−C57BL/6J mice on day 0. The mice were exposed to DE for 56 days from 28 days before the BLM injection to 28 days after the BLM injection. Inhalation of DE induced significant inhibition of airway clearance function and the proinflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages, an increase in neutrophils, and severe lung inflammatory injury, which were greater in Nrf2−/−mice than in Nrf2+/+mice. In contrast, inhalation of DE was observed to induce a greater increase of hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues and significantly higher pulmonary antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the Nrf2+/+mice than in Nrf2−/−mice. DE is an important risk factor, and Nrf2 regulates the risk of a DE inhalation induced immune response during BLM lung injury and fibrosis in mice.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms18030649

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

The present study investigated the effects of diesel exhaust (DE) on an experimental model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. BLM was intravenously administered to both Nrf2(+/+) and Nrf2(-/-) C57BL/6J mice on day 0. The mice were exposed to DE for 56 days from 28 days before the BLM injection to 28 days after the BLM injection. Inhalation of DE induced significant inhibition of airway clearance function and the proinflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages, an increase in neutrophils, and severe lung inflammatory injury, which were greater in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in Nrf2(+/+) mice. In contrast, inhalation of DE was observed to induce a greater increase of hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues and significantly higher pulmonary antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the Nrf2(+/+) mice than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. DE is an important risk factor, and Nrf2 regulates the risk of a DE inhalation induced immune response during BLM lung injury and fibrosis in mice.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms18030649

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

Objective: Socioeconomic status as a determinant of mental health problems has received scant attention in Japan, which has long been considered an egalitarian society. This study examined the association between socioeconomic status and psychological distress and its trends over 6years among Japanese adolescents.
Methods: We used data from a nationally representative sample of 9491 adolescents aged 12-18years who participated in three repeated cross-sectional surveys between 2007 and 2013. The K6 scale was used to assess psychological distress. Socioeconomic status indicators included household income, parental education, parental working status and household structure.
Results: Psychological distress prevalence decreased significantly from 2007 (10.7%) to 2013 (7.6%). However, the socioeconomic status patterns of psychological distress were consistent through the study period. Adolescents living in both lower (odds ratio=1.61; 95% confidence interval=[1.27, 2.05]) and higher income households (odds ratio=1.30; 95% confidence interval=[1.03, 1.62]) were more likely to report psychological distress than their middle-income counterparts. Adolescents with low household income were more likely to feel stress from interpersonal relationships and less likely to have help-seeking behaviors, while those with high household income were more likely to feel stress about school achievement. Psychological distress was also associated with parental poor education and single parenthood.
Conclusions: Socioeconomic status disparities in adolescent psychological distress were evident and consistent during the 6-year period. There is a unique U-shaped relationship between household income and psychological distress among adolescents in Japan, unlike those from other countries. However, the underlying mechanisms may differ by income status. Future prevention efforts should consider socioeconomic status as a determinant of adolescent mental health problems.

DOI： 10.1177/0004867416664142

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

DOI： 10.1002/ana.24809

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：AMER MEDICAL ASSOC  

DOI： 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.1488

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We assessed the associations between MetS and the indicators of carotid atherosclerosis as assessed by ultrasonography taking into consideration of confounders in the general population. A total of 1281 subjects (856 males, 425 females) were included in the present study. The total plaque score and maximum intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries were measured as indicators of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular risk factors were several metabolic components, serum uric acid, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and lifestyle factors. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The prevalences of an elevated total plaque score (>= 5) and elevated IMT (> 1 mm) of the carotid arteries were significantly higher in subjects with MetS as compared to subjects without MetS. Furthermore, a trend was observed towards higher prevalences of these indicators of atherosclerosis as the number of components of MetS increased. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between elevated plaque score and MetS even after adjustments for age, serum uric acid, serum CRP and lifestyle factors in the males. Among the indicators of atherosclerosis assessed by carotid ultrasonography, a significant independent association was observed between the total plaque score and MetS in males in the general population.

DOI： 10.1007/s00380-015-0668-y

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1212/01.wnl.0000482984.98040.c0

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2015 Diabetes India. Aims It is important to identify the risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in order to prevent the development of cardio-/cerebrovascular diseases. The authors estimated the risk factors for the development of MetS with special emphasis on the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Methods We conducted as a cross-sectional study in subjects undergoing intensive health examination (581 men aged 33-84 years). Diagnosis of MetS was based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel. Results The prevalence of MetS in subjects with severe SDB, which was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 30 or higher, was 40.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the subjects without severe SDB (29.3%). The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the logarithmic-transformed AHI for MetS was 1.6 (1.1-2.4) after adjustments for age, serum uric acid, logarithmic-transformed serum C-reactive protein, smoking history, exercise history and alcohol history. When the subjects were categorized by the severity of SDB, the OR (95% CI) of severe SDB, which was the only category that showed significant association, was 2.2 (1.2-4.0). Conclusion A significant association was observed between severe SDB and the presence of MetS in the subjects (all male) of this study.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.10.005

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：AMER THORACIC SOC  

DOI： 10.1164/rccm.201510-1954LE

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

Background-Hypertension is one of the main comorbidities associated with dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the extent to which dyslipidemia increases the risk of developing hypertension in a Japanese working-age male population.
Methods and Results-We analyzed data from 14 215 nonhypertensive male workers (age 38 +/- 9 years) who underwent annual medical checkups. Subjects were followed up for a median of 4 years to determine new-onset hypertension, defined as blood pressure (BP) = 140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. The associations between serum lipid levels and development of hypertension were examined. During the follow-up period, 1483 subjects developed hypertension. After adjusting for age, body mass index, impaired fasting glucose/diabetes, baseline BP category, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, and parental history of hypertension, subjects with a total cholesterol (TC) level = 222 mg/dL were at a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.56) compared to subjects with a TC level = 167 mg/dL. Similar results were observed for subjects with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels. A U-shaped relationship was found between HDLC level and risk of hypertension; compared to the third quintile, the multiadjusted hazard ratio was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.03-1.43) in the lowest quintile and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.12-1.60) in the highest quintile.
Conclusions-Elevated serum levels of TC, LDLC, and non-HDLC were associated with an increased risk of hypertension in working-age Japanese men. For HDLC, risk of hypertension was increased at both low and high levels.

DOI： 10.1161/JAHA.115.003053

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier Ltd  

Objective The relationships between the waist circumference (WC), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness and three components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were explored to verify which of the obesity indices might be superior. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1256 subjects (840 males and 416 females) aged 26-89 years, who were individuals undergoing intensive health checkup. The three components of MetS examined were high blood pressure, glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for the analyses. Results The mean values of the WC and VAT thickness were significantly higher in the subject group positive for each of the metabolic syndrome components than in the subject group that was negative for all the components (p &lt
0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the WC showed an advantage over the VAT thickness only for predicting high blood pressure in men. Logistic regression analysis revealed increase of the odds ratios of the WC for glucose intolerance (p &lt
0.001), high blood pressure (p &lt
0.001) and dyslipidemia (p &lt
0.01) in men. In contrast, the odds ratio of the VAT thickness was significantly increased only for dyslipidemia (p &lt
0.01) in men. In women, the odds ratios of the WC for glucose intolerance (p &lt
0.01) and dyslipidemia (p &lt
0.001) were significantly increased, and odds ratio of the VAT thickness for high blood pressure (p &lt
0.01) was significantly increased. Conclusion This survey presented an advantage of WC over VAT thickness as an obesity index for identifying all the three components of metabolic syndrome, although sex differences in the study outcomes were found.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.08.013

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS SOC  

Aim: The Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2012 (JAS Guidelines 2012) indicate that the management target for serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) level is 30 mg/dL higher than that for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) level. However, it remains unclear whether this value is applicable to subjects at a low risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to propose the optimal management target for serum non-HDLC level in low-risk Japanese subjects.
Methods: Among 20,909 subjects who underwent annual medical checkup at a Japanese company in 2008, we analyzed the data of 17,023 subjects (14,352 men, mean age 37.8 +/- 8.6 years) in risk category I according to the JAS Guidelines 2012. The correlation between LDLC and non-HDLC levels was examined.
Results: A strong correlation was found between LDLC and non-HDLC levels (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). The following regression equation for calculation of non-HDLC was obtained from linear regression analysis: non-HDLC (mg/dL) = 1.09xLDLC (mg/dL) + 7.79. According to this equation, the optimal management target for non-HDLC level corresponding to that for LDLC level (160 mg/dL) was 180 mg/dL. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, obesity, habitual alcohol intake, and current smoking were significantly associated with non-HDLC >= 180 mg/dL.
Conclusions: The management target for non-HDLC level is recommended to be set at 20 mg/dL higher than that for the LDLC level (i.e., 180 mg/dL) in low-risk Japanese subjects.

DOI： 10.5551/jat.33068

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2016 Qing Li et al. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a forest bathing on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Nineteen middle-aged male subjects were selected after they provided informed consent. These subjects took day trips to a forest park in Agematsu, Nagano Prefecture, and to an urban area of Nagano Prefecture as control in August 2015. On both trips, they walked 2.6 km for 80 min each in the morning and afternoon on Saturdays. Blood and urine were sampled before and after each trip. Cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were measured. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured during the trips. The Japanese version of the profile of mood states (POMS) test was conducted before, during, and after the trips. Ambient temperature and humidity were monitored during the trips. The forest bathing program significantly reduced pulse rate and significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for depression, fatigue, anxiety, and confusion. Urinary adrenaline after forest bathing showed a tendency toward decrease. Urinary dopamine after forest bathing was significantly lower than that after urban area walking, suggesting the relaxing effect of the forest bathing. Serum adiponectin after the forest bathing was significantly greater than that after urban area walking.

DOI： 10.1155/2016/2587381

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：KOREAN DIABETES ASSOC  

Background: Confirmation regarding the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and biomarkers in addition to metabolic components and lifestyle factors are required in the occupational filed for preventing diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The study was performed in working men aged 30 to 60 years old, who were not taking medication for any metabolic diseases. The author measured the serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid, and plasma fibrinogen as potential biomarkers of IFG.
Results: The mean serum uric acid, log-transformed serum CRP, and plasma fibrinogen levels were higher in the subjects with IFG than in those without IFG. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between the presence of IFG and age, log-transformed value of serum CRP, increased waist circumference, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, with odds ratios of 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.1; P<0.001), 1.8 (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.3; P<0.001), 1.3 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.7; P<0.01), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.6 to 2.3; P<0.001), and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.6; P<0.05), respectively, for the presence of IFG.
Conclusion: Serum CRP, age, and three metabolic components were associated with IFG. In contrast, there were no significant associations between IFG and lifestyle factors, serum uric acid or plasma fibrinogen.

DOI： 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.5.434

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

We previously found that ziram, a carbamate pesticide, significantly reduced perforin, granzyme A (GrA), granzyme B (GrB), granzyme 3/K (Gr3/K), and granulysin (GRN) levels in NK-92MI cells, a human natural killer (NK) cell line. To investigate whether other carbamate pesticides also show similar toxicity on human NK cells, we conducted further experiments with NK-92CI cells, a human NK cell line, using a more sensitive assay. We previously confirmed that NK-92CI cells express CD56, perforin, GrA, GrB, Gr3/K, and GRN and are highly cytotoxic to K562 cells in a chromium release assay, which are more sensitive to organophosphorus pesticides and ziram than the NK-92MI cell line. NK-92CI cells were treated with ziram, thiram, maneb, or carbaryl at various concentrations for 4-24 h at 37 degrees C in vitro. Thereafter, intracellular levels of perforin, GrA, GrB, Gr3/K, and GRN were determined by flow cytometry. It was found that all carbamate pesticides significantly reduced the intracellular levels of perforin, GrA, GrB, Gr3/K, and GRN in NK-92CI cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the strength of the effect differed among the pesticides, and the order was thiram > ziram > maneb > carbaryl. In addition, it was also found that the degree of the reductions differed among the five proteins, with perforin more sensitive to pesticides than GRN, GrA, GrB, and Gr3/K, and the order was perforin > GRN > Gr3/K ? GrA ? GrB.

DOI： 10.1177/0394632015582334

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1038/hr.2015.41

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1038/hr.2014.159

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J04682&link_issn=&doc_id=20150608230009&doc_link_id=10.1038%2Fhr.2014.159&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%2Fhr.2014.159&type=Crossref&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00002_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1935

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

We previously found that carbamate pesticides induced significant apoptosis in human natural killer cells. To investigate whether carbamate pesticides also induce apoptosis in human T lymphocytes, in the present study Jurkat human T cells were treated in vitro with thiram, maneb, carbaryl or ziram. Apoptosis was determined by FITC-Annexin-V/PI staining. To explore the mechanism of apoptosis, intracellular levels of active caspase 3 and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release were determined by flow cytometry. We found that thiram, ziram, maneb and carbaryl also induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the human T cells. However, the strength of the apoptosis-inducing effect differed among the pesticides, with the: thiram > ziram > maneb > carbaryl. Moreover, thiram significantly increased the intracellular level of active caspase 3 and caspase inhibitors significantly inhibited apoptosis. Thiram also significantly caused mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. These findings indicate that carbamate pesticides can induce apoptosis in human T cells, and the apoptosis is mediated by the activation of caspases and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome-c.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph120403633

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本臨床生理学会  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2015 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Objective The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and biological inflammatory or anti-coagulant markers were clarified in combination with lifestyle factors. Patients and methods The target subjects were 5102 working men without metabolic diseases, aged 30-60 years old. The authors measured the serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid and plasma fibrinogen as potential key biomarkers of MetS. Results Mean values of uric acid, log-transformed serum CRP and plasma fibrinogen increased significantly as the number of components of MetS increased after adjustment for age. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between the presence of MetS and age, habitual exercise, not current smoking, the log-transformed value of serum CRP and serum uric acid, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.04; p < 0.001), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65-0.90; p < 0.01), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.96; p < 0.05), 3.2 (95% CI: 2.6-3.9; p < 0.001) and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4-1.6; p < 0.001), respectively for the presence of MetS. Conclusion Elevated serum level of CRP, uric acid, not habitual exercise and current smoking were associated with MetS in this cross-sectional study.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.02.009

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20140108

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.011

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier Ltd  

Objective The relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), in addition to age and sex as confounders was explored to verify the characteristics of CAVI.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted for 144 subjects (108 males and 36 females), aged 31-86 years, who were inhabitants undergoing intensive health checkups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association.
Results MetS was present in 36 of 108 males (33%) and 13 of 36 females (36%). Significant association between CAVI &gt
9 and male subjects or age was recognized. Although five metabolic components did not show any significant association with CAVI &gt
9, there was a trend of positive association between CAVI and BMI &lt
25 (p = 0.060), high blood pressure (p = 0.074) or hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.088).
Conclusion Male and age were significantly associated with CAVI &gt
9. Further study is needed to verify the association between CAVI &gt
9 and MetS components. © 2014 Diabetes India.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2014.09.023

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本臨床生理学会  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.5271/sjweh.3442

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of serum cystatin C (CysC) and that of creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR(Creat)) for the risk of incident hypertension in a middle-aged male population.
METHODS
Serum CysC levels were measured in 904 nonhypertensive, Japanese male subjects (mean age = 44 +/- 6 years) who received an annual general health examination in a company. Serum creatinine levels were simultaneously measured, and eGFR(Creat) was calculated. Subjects were followed-up for a maximum period of 4 years, and annual blood pressure measurements were recorded.
RESULTS
During the follow-up period, 124 subjects developed hypertension, defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure >= 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, both the third quintile of CysC and that of eGFR(Creat) showed the lowest 4-year cumulative incident rate of hypertension. The multiadjusted hazard ratio for incident hypertension was significantly increased in the highest quintile of CysC compared with the third quintile (2.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-4.77; P = 0.002), as well as compared with the lowest 4 quintiles combined (1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.84; P = 0.002). However, eGFR(Creat) did not show significant hazard ratios for incident hypertension in any of the adjusted models.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated serum CysC levels could predict the risk of incident hypertension in this study population with a maximum follow-up period of 4 years. In contrast, eGFR(Creat) did not show predictive value for the risk of incident hypertension.

DOI： 10.1093/ajh/hpt164

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has recently been investigated as a risk marker for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. However, whether ADMA levels are related to the risk of stroke in the Japanese general population remains unclear.
Methods: We examined 769 Japanese men (mean age, 47 5 years) undergoing health examinations. Each subject's ADMA level and various vascular risk factors were assessed; the predicted 10-year stroke risk was calculated using the point-based prediction model from the Japan Public Health Center Study.
Results: In a multiple linear regression analysis, age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and current smoking status were significant independent determinants of ADMA levels. A significant odds ratio (OR) for high predicted stroke risk (10-year risk >= 5%)was noted in the highest quartile of ADMA levels (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.002-6.07), compared with the lowest quartile, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A significant OR for high predicted stroke risk was also found for each standard deviation increment in ADMA level (adjusted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10-1.92).
Conclusion: Elevated ADMA levels were significantly associated with an increased predicted stroke risk, suggesting that measuring ADMA levels may be useful for identifying middle-aged Japanese men with a high risk of stroke. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jns.2013.12.021

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2014. Background: We aimed to examine whether serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men. Methods: In this longitudinal study, serum ADMA and CRP levels were measured in Japanese men without metabolic syndrome, which was diagnosed according to the currently accepted unified criteria. The subjects were followed-up for a maximum of four years to determine new-onset metabolic syndrome. A Cox proportional hazards model with adjusting for potential confounders was applied to determine the hazard ratio (HR) for developing metabolic syndrome according to serum levels of ADMA and CRP, considered either alone or in combination. Results: Of the 848 subjects (mean age, 43. ±. 6. years), 100 subjects developed metabolic syndrome. High ADMA levels (≥. 0.45. μmol/L) alone did not show a significant HR for developing metabolic syndrome, while high CRP levels (≥. 0.3. mg/L) did (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.12-2.74). The combination of high levels of both CRP and ADMA had a high HR (2.09, 95% CI 1.12-3.76) as compared to low levels of both markers. In contrast, the HR was not significant in the combination of high CRP and low ADMA levels, as well as low CRP and high ADMA levels. Conclusions: Serum CRP, but not ADMA, levels were associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, the risk of metabolic syndrome could be predicted more reliably by considering these two markers together rather than CRP alone.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijcme.2014.10.001

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OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of smoking prevention education for nursing students using the improved tobacco smoke collection method.METHODS: The improved tobacco smoke collection method allows mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke from a cigarette to be separately extracted using a closed system. After collection, we performed gas measurement using a gas detection tube and the Schiff reagent method. We provided a lecture incorporating the experimental method for an experimental group (42 students), but only the lecture without the method for a control group (43 students). We surveyed the changes in The Kano Test for Social Dependence (KTSND) scores before and after the lecture and one month later.RESULTS: In the experimental group, the total scores of the KTSND were 10.2 ± 5.0 (mean ± standard deviation) before the lecture, 5.8 ± 4.1 after the lecture, and 6.9 ± 4.8 one month later. On the other hand, the scores were 10.7 ± 5.7, 7.5 ± 5.8, and 9.7 ± 5.5 in the control group before, after, and one month after the lecture, respectively. It is considered that the students understood "smoking is harmful to health" since this gas analysis method can be used to check for harmful gases visually.CONCLUSION:  Result of this study suggest that this experimental method is useful for educating nursing students on the harmful effects of smoking.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.69.235

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Aims: Elevated post-load plasma glucose levels may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, even when they are within the normoglycaemic range. We examined the association of carotid artery intima-media thickness, a marker of early atherosclerosis, with glycaemic variables, including post-load plasma glucose levels, in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Methods: The study participants were 663 Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (565 men, mean age 47 ± 9 years) who underwent both a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and carotid artery intima-media thickness measurement by B-mode ultrasonography during a health examination. Associations between maximal common carotid artery intima-media thickness and fasting plasma glucose, 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test, and HbA1c were examined. Results: The carotid artery intima-media thickness gradually increased across the tertiles of 1-h plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose and HbA1c. In multiple linear regression analysis, 2-h plasma glucose (β = 0.09, P = 0.012), as well as age, male gender, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and current smoking were independent determinants of carotid artery intima-media thickness. In contrast, other glycaemic variables were not independent determinants of carotid artery intima-media thickness. The carotid artery intima-media thickness in hypertensive subjects with the highest tertile of 2-h plasma glucose [0.70 (95% CI 0.64-0.76) mm] was significantly greater than in normotensive subjects, with the lowest tertile of 2-h plasma glucose [0.60 (95% CI 0.58-0.63) mm, P = 0.037], even after adjusting for the multiple potential confounders. Conclusions: The 2-h plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test was positively and independently associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. In particular, the combination of elevated 2-h plasma glucose and hypertension may contribute to an increased carotid artery intima-media thickness. © 2013 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2013 Diabetes UK.

DOI： 10.1111/dme.12288

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

. A 3-year follow-up study of an occupational cohort was conducted to clarify the effect of the type of shift work on the risk of development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The subjects were 1,677 Japanese male employees aged 36 to 57. Age, each component of MetS, serum uric acid, serum insulin, lifestyle factors, and occupational position were used for the analyses. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2-shift work (n = 686) and 3-shift work (n = 99) against daytime work (n = 868) for the development of MetS, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, were 1.43 (1.05, 1.95) and 0.72 (0.37, 1.41), respectively. When Japanese criteria were adopted for defining MetS, the corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.88 (1.29, 2.74) and 0.87 (0.39, 1.97), respectively. The results of the analyses suggested that 2-shift work was a risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome.

DOI： 10.1080/19338244.2012.732123

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously found that ziram, a carbamate fungicide, significantly induced apoptosis and necrosis in human NK-92MI, a natural killer cell line. To investigate whether other carbamate pesticides also induce apoptosis and necrosis in human natural killer cell, we conducted further experiments with NK-92CI, a human natural killer cell line using a more sensitive assay. NK-92CI cells were treated with ziram, thiram, maneb or carbaryl at 0.031-40 mu M for 2-24 h in the present study. Apoptosis and necrosis were determined by FITC-Annexin-V/PI staining. To explore the mechanism of apoptosis, intracellular levels of active caspases 3 and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release were determined by flow cytometry. We found that ziram and thiram also induced apoptosis and necrosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner; however, maneb and carbaryl induced apoptosis and necrosis only at higher doses in NK-92CI cells. The strength of the apoptosis-inducing effect differed among the pesticides, and the order was as follows: thiram > ziram > maneb > carbaryl. NK-92CI was more sensitive to ziram than NK-92MI. Moreover, ziram and thiram significantly increased the intracellular level of active caspase 3 in NK92CI and caspase inhibitor significantly inhibited the apoptosis. Ziram and thiram significantly caused mitochondrial cytochrome-c release in NK-92CI. These findings indicate that carbamate pesticides can induce apoptosis in natural killer cells, and the apoptosis is mediated by both the caspase-cascade and mitochondrial cytochrome-c pathways.

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：JAPAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS SOC  

DOI： 10.5551/jat.26476

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IRCA-BSSA  

Granzyme 3 (Gr3) is known as a tryptase-type member of the granzyme family and exists in the granules of immunocompetent cells. Granule proteases including granzymes, are transported into the cytoplasm of tumor cells or virus-infected cells by perforin function, degrade cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins and subsequently cause the death of the target cells. Recently, although several substrates of Gr3 in vivo have been reported, these hydrolyzed sites were unclear or lacked consistency. Our previous study investigated the optimal amino acid triplet (P3-P2-P1) as a substrate for Gr3 using a limited combination of amino acids at the P2 and P3 positions. In the present study, new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate libraries to screen P2 and P3 positions were synthesized, respectively. Using these substrate libraries, the optimal amino acid triplet was shown to be Tyr-Phe-Arg as a substrate for human Gr3. Moreover, kinetic analyses also showed that the synthetic substrate FRETS-YFR had the lowest Km value for human Gr3. A substantial number of membrane proteins possessed the triplet Tyr-Phe-Arg and some of them might be in vivo substrates for Gr3. The results might also be a great help for preparing specific inhibitors to manipulate Gr3 activity both in vitro and in vivo.

DOI： 10.5582/bst.8.126

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

BACKGROUND: The relationship between job stress and job satisfaction by the follow-up study should be more evaluated for workers' health support.
OBJECTIVE: Job stress is strongly affected by the content of the job and the personality of a worker. This study was focused on determining the changes of the job stress and job satisfaction levels over a two-year interval, using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ).
METHODS: This self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the same 310 employees of a Japanese industrial company in 2009 and 2011. Sixty-one employees were lost from 371 responders in 2009. Data of 16 items from 57 items graded on a four-point Likert-type scale to measure the job stressors, psycho-physical complaints and support for workers, job overload (six items), job control (three items), support (six items) and job satisfaction score (one item) were selected for the analysis.
RESULTS: The age-adjusted partial correlation coefficients for job overload, job control and support were 0.684 (p < 0.001), 0.474 (p < 0.001) and 0.612 (p < 0.001), respectively. The concordance correlation coefficient (and 95% confidence interval indicated within parentheses) for job overload, job control and support were 0.681 (0.616-0.736), 0.473 (0.382-0.555), and 0.623 (0.549-0.687), respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean score for job overload, job control or support, although significant decline in the job satisfaction level was apparent at the end of the two-year period (p < 0.05). There was also a significant decline in the job satisfaction in 2009 and in 2011 for subjects with keeping low job strain.
CONCLUSIONS: No significant changes in the scores on the three elements of job stress were observed over the two-year study period, and the job satisfaction level deteriorated significantly during this period. There was a decline in the job satisfaction in the two-year period, although subjects did not suffer from job stress at the same period.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-131658

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: Excess salt intake increases blood pressure (BP). Identifying individuals with excess salt intake is, therefore, important for the prevention of hypertension. Aim: To examine the predictive value of subjective evaluation of salty foods intake for the risk of incident hypertension in a middle-aged population. Methods: A total of 970 non-hypertensive workers (mean age, 44 ± 6 years) was followed for a maximum period of 4 years, and their BP was measured annually. At baseline, all participants were asked about their subjective frequency of salty foods intake (seldom, sometimes or always), and they were divided into three groups according to their answers. Hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic BP ≥ 140/90mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications. Results: There were no significant differences in the 4-year cumulative incident rate of hypertension among the 'seldom', 'sometimes' and 'always' groups (15.8%, 14.3% and 10.3%, respectively, log-rank test P = 0.44). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, age, body mass index and the baseline BP category were independent predictors for developing hypertension, whereas the frequency of salty foods intake was not a predictor (adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.99 (0.64-1.54) in the 'sometimes' group and 0.64 (0.33-1.28) in the 'always' group as compared with the 'seldom' group). Conclusion: The subjective evaluation of salty foods intake did not predict the 4-year risk of incident hypertension in this study population. Further investigations with a longer follow-up period are needed to clarify whether the present insignificant results are maintained for more than 4 years. © 2013 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

DOI： 10.1111/imj.12259

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/hr.2013.56

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s12199-012-0323-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) is the major components of PM2.5, and much attention has focused on PM2.5 in relation to adverse health effects, and many pulmonary diseases. In the present study, we used a human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) line to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of erythromycin (EM) and EM703 - a new derivative of erythromycin without antibacterial effects on the expressions of IL-8 caused by DEP exposure. DEP showed a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on IL-8 product in HBEC. Increases of IL-8 expression by DEP stimulation were significantly blocked by both EM and EM703 pretreatment. Furthermore, NF-kappa B and Nrf2 activation, the antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, NQO-1 mRNA expression were increased by DEP exposure and these increases were blocked by both of EM and EM703 pretreatment. Our results suggest that, EM and EM703 may have an inhibitory effect on expression inflammatory cytokines in HBEC induced by DEP not only as an anti-inflammation but also an antioxidant drug. EM and EM703 might contribute to chemical prevention of the risk of pulmonary diseases induced by oxidative stress from environmental pollutant, such as DEP. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.12.010

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

The hippocampal dentate gyrus has been implicated in a neuronal basis of antidepressant action. We have recently shown a distinct form of neuronal plasticity induced by the serotonergic antidepressant fluoxetine, that is, a reversal of maturation of the dentate granule cells in adult mice. This "dematuration'' is induced in a large population of dentate neurons and maintained for at least one month after withdrawal of fluoxetine, suggesting long-lasting strong influence of dematuration on brain functioning. However, reliable induction of dematuration required doses of fluoxetine higher than suggested optimal doses for mice (10 to 18 mg/kg/day), which casts doubt on the clinical relevance of this effect. Since our previous studies were performed in naive mice, in the present study, we reexamined effects of fluoxetine using mice treated with chronic corticosterone that model neuroendocrine pathophysiology associated with depression. In corticosterone-treated mice, fluoxetine at 10 mg/kg/day downregulated expression of mature granule cell markers and attenuated strong frequency facilitation at the synapse formed by the granule cell axon mossy fiber, suggesting the induction of granule cell dematuration. In addition, fluoxetine caused marked enhancement of dopaminergic modulation at the mossy fiber synapse. In vehicle-treated mice, however, fluoxetine at this dose had no significant effects. The plasma level of fluoxetine was comparable to that in patients taking chronic fluoxetine, and corticosterone did not affect it. These results indicate that corticosterone facilitates fluoxetine-induced plastic changes in the dentate granule cells. Our finding may provide insight into neuronal mechanisms underlying enhanced responsiveness to antidepressant medication in certain pathological conditions.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0063662

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(有)科学評論社  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2013273074

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: The second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) is an indicator of arterial stiffness. The present study was conducted to clarify the factor structure of indices of the SDPTG in combination with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), to elucidate the significance of the SDPTG among various cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: The SDPTG was determined in the second forefinger of the left hand in 1,055 male workers (mean age, 44.2±6.4 years). Among 4 waves of SDPTG components, the ratios of the height of the "a" wave to that of the "b" and "d" waves were expressed as b/a and d/a, and used as SDPTG indices for the analysis. Results: Principal axis factoring analysis was conducted using age, SDPTG indices, components of MetS, and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid. Three factors were extracted, and the SDPTG indices were categorized in combination with age as the third factor. Metabolic components and the SDPTG indices were independently categorized. These three factors explained 44.4% of the total variation. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed age, d/a, serum uric acid, serum CRP, and regular exercise as independent determinants of the risk of MetS. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.08 (1.04 to 1.11), 0.10 (0.01 to 0.73), 1.24 (1.06 to 1.44), 3.59 (2.37 to 5.42), and 0.48 (0.28 to 0.82), respectively. Conclusion: The SDPTG indices were categorized in combination with age, and they differed in characteristics from components of MetS or inflammatory markers. In addition, this cross-sectional study also revealed decrease of the d/a as a risk factor for the development of MetS. © 2013 Korean Diabetes Association.

DOI： 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.1.40

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: The association between inflammatory markers and the combination of the smoking status plus a number of components of the metabolic syndrome was not fully evaluated in male Japanese subjects. Objectives: To demonstrate the association between inflammatory markers and the number of components of the metabolic syndrome by considering smoking status. Patients and Methods: A total of 3,017 male subjects (1,047 current smokers, 1,970 non-smokers) were included. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The smoking status was categorized in a binary manner into current smokers or non-smokers. Results: The geometric mean value of the serum CRP increased linearly as the number of components of MetS increased (P < 0.05). In contrast, the mean values of the total WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts showed peak values when the number of MetS components was 3 or 4. The log-transformed serum CRP levels and the WBC counts were significantly correlated with one another (P < 0.001), but Pearson's correlation coefficient was under 0.3 for current smokers. Conclusions: Among several inflammatory markers, the serum CRP predominantly changed linearly as the number of MetS increased regardless of smoking status. © 2013, Research Institute For Endocrine Sciences and Iran Endocrine Society; Published by Kowsar Corp.

DOI： 10.5812/ijem.8403

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：KOREAN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASSOC  

Prediction of psychological wellbeing based on several important predictors was conducted for ensuring maintenance of good mental health. A 3-year follow-up study to determine psychological well-being was conducted in 969 Japanese male workers. Age, body mass index, present history of medication and four lifestyle factors were used for the analysis. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for obtaining a score of >= 4 in the General Health Questionnaire-12-item version, among the subjects who felt refreshed by sleep was 0.559 (0.415-0.753). None of the other factors showed any statistically significant association. Feeling refreshed by sleep was identified as a predictor of maintained psychological wellbeing in this 3-year follow-up study. Psychiatry Investig 2012;9:418-421

DOI： 10.4306/pi.2012.9.4.418

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Appropriate sensitivity threshold of accelerometer to measure total sleep time during nap is not established.
Actigraphy-derived total sleep times during naps were calculated using three different sensitivity threshold values and compared with polysomnography.
The mean age of the 60 subjects (53 men and 7 women) was 22.8, ranging from 22 to 27 years. Determination of the sleep stage by the polygraph and the sleep/wake judgment by the accelerometer obeyed the sleep/wake judgment, and the accelerometer was monitored under different sensitivity threshold settings. The study was carried out during one afternoon with a 3-h nap opportunity. Kappa statistics, correlations, and several indices of accuracy were compared using statistical methods.
The mean total sleep times during a nap set for 180 min were 160.4, 151.8, and 140.5 min, respectively, as judged under the low-sensitive, middle-sensitive, high-sensitive settings of an accelerometer worn on the non-dominant wrist. The corresponding mean total sleep time as calculated using a sleep polygraph was 133.0 min. Sleep/wake judgment by three levels of threshold values for the accelerometer showed that high-sensitive threshold showed relatively high specificity (0.452) compared with specificities by the low-sensitive threshold (0.249) or by the middle-sensitive threshold (0.358). The concordance correlation coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (in parenthesis) between the total sleep time judged by polygraph and low-sensitive, middle-sensitive, or high-sensitive accelerometer were 0.40 (0.26-0.51), 0.53 (0.38-0.65), and 0.64 (0.49-0.75), respectively. The Bland-Altman plot of the measurements showed higher agreement between the total sleep time by polygraph and by the accelerometer using the high-sensitive threshold.
From the result obtained in this study, the high-sensitive accelerometer showed the strongest agreement of total sleep time and sleep/wake judgment with the calculated value using the sleep polygraph.

DOI： 10.1007/s12529-011-9180-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Background: The reported associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic vascular inflammation/insulin resistance prompted the author to determine the predictive ability of markers for MetS in the occupational field. Methods: The study was performed in 3460 working men aged 30 to 64 years. The author measured the serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and insulin as potential key biomarkers of MetS. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between the presence of MetS and the log-transformed value of serum insulin and log-transformed value of serum C-reactive protein, with odds ratios of 29.4(95% confidence interval, 18.0 to 48.2; P < 0.001) and 1.87 (95% confidence interval, 1.47 to 2.38; P < 0.001) of these two markers, respectively, for the presence of MetS. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of insulin were found to be strongly associated with MetS in this cross-sectional study.

DOI： 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31825335ae

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Many psychiatric disorders emerge after adolescence. Among a variety of predisposing factors, prenatal stress has been thought to cause the symptoms of anxiety disorders. We recently reported that prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) exposure, which mimics some aspects of prenatal stress, induced anxiety-related behaviors in male offspring when they reached adulthood. Before the emergence of behavioral changes, abnormalities occurred in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during postnatal development. In the present study, we found abnormalities in serotonin (5-HT) signaling, including decreased expression of 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and 5-HT content in the hippocampus at postnatal week (PW) 4. These results support using early therapeutic interventions with serotonergic drugs to prevent late-emerging anxiety symptoms. To test this hypothesis, we treated rat pups born to DEX-administered mothers with fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used as an anti-anxiety medication, via breast milk from postnatal day (PD) 2-21. Anxiety-related behaviors examined at PW11-13 were not observed in the prenatally DEX-exposed offspring that were treated with FLX. Likewise, FLX increased 5-HT concentrations in the mPFC and ventral hippocampus at PW3 and normalized 5-HT1A-R mRNA concentrations in the mPFC at PW4. The decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus was also restored at PW4. Furthermore, administration of the 5-HT1A-R full agonist (R)-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin from PD2 to 21 also prevented the emergence of behavioral abnormalities in the prenatally DEX-exposed offspring, implicating the involvement of 5-HT1A-Rs in the neonatal FLX effect. Collectively, an early pharmacological intervention to normalize serotonergic transmission effectively suppressed the emergence of symptoms induced by prenatal DEX exposure in rats. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.03.027

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.04.002

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)東京医学社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Ziram as a dithiocarbamate fungicide is widely used throughout the world in agriculture. We previously found that ziram significantly inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in a dose-dependent manner. To explore the mechanism of this inhibition, we investigated ziram-induced apoptosis in human T lymphocytes. Jurkat T cells were treated with ziram at 0.031-1 mu M for 2-24 h. Freshly isolated primary human T cells were treated with ziram at 0.0625-1 mu M for 15 and 24 h. Apoptosis was determined by FITC-Annexin V/PI staining and the TUNEL assay. To explore the mechanism of apoptosis, intracellular levels of active caspases 3, 3/7, 8, and 9 and pan-caspase and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release were determined by flow cytometry. Disruption to mitochondrial transmembrane potential was determined with a MitoLight((TM)) Apoptosis Detection Kit. We found that ziram induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in both Jurkat cells and primary human T cells. The primary human T cells were more sensitive to ziram than the Jurkat cell line. Ziram induced increases in active caspases 3, 3/7, 8, and 9 and pan-caspase in a dose-dependent manner, and a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, partially but significantly inhibited the apoptosis. Moreover, a general caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, significantly and almost completely blocked the apoptosis. Ziram also disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential and caused mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. These findings indicate that ziram can induce apoptosis in human T cells, and the apoptosis is mediated by both the caspase-cascade and the mitochondria/cytochrome-c pathways.

DOI： 10.1007/s00204-011-0791-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Background and aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an insulin-resistance syndrome deeply associated with obesity. The association between MetS and several clinical factors, including serum levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein and insulin, was examined.
Subjects and methods: The study was performed in 219 men aged 43.2 +/- 6.6 years, who were employees of a company. The study measured the serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory marker, serum insulin as a marker of insulin resistance and serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adipo), in addition to the serum levels of liver enzymes and uric acid. MetS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme ATPIII criteria.
Results: Log-transformed serum ALT, HMW-adipo, insulin and uric acid were found to be significantly related to the presence/absence of Mets by logistic regression analysis, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 25.9 (3.3-204.4), 0.10 (0.02-0.56), 7.5 (1.6-34.1) and 1.5 (1.04-2.1), respectively.
Conclusion: Serum high HMW-adipo level was significantly negatively related to the presence of MetS, independently of the serum levels of insulin, liver enzymes and uric acid. Among the markers examined, serum HMW-adipo and ALT were considered as markers for MetS.

DOI： 10.3109/03014460.2011.652170

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Objective: metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be associated with an increased risk for cerebro-as well as cardio-vascular disease. Prediction of carotid atherosclerosis by components of MetS, serum C-reactive protein, aging and related factors was conducted for Japanese inhabitants. Methods: A total of 887 subjects (761 males, 126 females) were included in the present study. Early atherosclerosis was assessed by measurement of the intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries. Results: The carotid arterial intima-media thickness on both the right and left sides significantly increased as the number of components of MetS increased. The maximum intima-media thickness values in the right (left) carotid arteries in the male and female subjects who fulfilled the criteria for MetS were 0.65 +/- 0.18 (0.66 +/- 0.17) mm and 0.58 +/- 0.12 (0.59 +/- 0.11) mm, respectively. After adjustment for several factors, the intima-media thickness related significantly with aging, some components of MetS and serum C-reactive protein by multiple regression analysis. beta-coefficient of age was largest, presenting 0.457 in right side and 0.479 in left side. Conclusions: Aging, metabolic components and serum C-reactive protein are independent predictors of intima-media thickness in subjects.

DOI： 10.3109/13685538.2011.593656

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Background: Risk assessment for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important strategy for prevention. Methods: A 3-year follow-up study was conducted for 1677 Japanese workers not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for MetS. Age and the five components of MetS, serum uric acid, serum insulin, lifestyle factors, and occupational position were used for the analysis. Results: The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for MetS development among the subjects who initially had one or two MetS components were 3.1 (1.8 to 5.3) and 7.8 (4.5 to 13.5), respectively. When the MetS components were used as independent variables, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of each component were significant for MetS development. Occupational position did not present significance. Conclusion: Presence of each component of MetS as well as the number of MetS components are powerful predictors of the development of MetS after 3 years.

DOI： 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182492070

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Ziram is a carbamate pesticide, which is widely used throughout the world as a fungicide in agriculture and as an accelerating agent in latex production. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ziram at 0.031-4 mu M in vitro on human natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and found that it significantly inhibited all three activities in a concentration-dependent manner. To explore the mechanism of ziram-induced inhibition of NK activity, NK-92MI cells, a human NK cell line, were used. We previously confirmed that NK-92MI cells express CD56, perforin, granzyme (Gr) A, GrB, Gr3/K, and granulysin and are highly cytotoxic to K562 cells in the chromium release assay. NK-92MI cells were treated with ziram at 0.125-4 mu M for 4 or 16 h at 37A degrees C in vitro. Then, intracellular levels of perforin, GrA, GrB, Gr3/K, and granulysin were determined by flow cytometry. It was found that ziram significantly reduced Gr3/K, granulysin, perforin, GrA, and GrB levels. The extent of the decrease differed among the proteins, and the order was as follows: Gr3/K > granulysin > perforin, GrA, and GrB. Taken together, these findings suggest the ziram-induced inhibition of NK, LAK, and CTL activities to be at least partially mediated by decreases in the intracellular levels of Gr3/K, granulysin, perforin, GrA, and GrB.

DOI： 10.1007/s00204-011-0771-5

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本成人病(生活習慣病)学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Objective: Job satisfaction is an important factor in the occupational lives of workers. In this study, the relationship between one-dimensional scale of job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing was evaluated.
Participants: A total of 1,742 workers (1,191 men and 551 women) participated.
Methods: 100-Point scale evaluating job satisfaction (0 [extremely dissatisfied] to 100 [extremely satisfied]) and the General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version (GHQ-12) evaluating psychological wellbeing were used. A multiple regression analysis was then used, controlling for gender and age. The change in the GHQ-12 and job satisfaction scores after a two-year interval was also evaluated.
Results: The mean age for the subjects was 42.2 years for the men and 36.2 years for the women. The GHQ-12 and job satisfaction scores were significantly correlated in each generation. The partial correlation coefficients between the changes in the two variables, controlling for age, were -0.395 for men and -0.435 for women (p < 0.001). A multiple regression analysis revealed that the 100-point job satisfaction score was associated with the GHQ-12 results (p < 0.001). The adjusted multiple correlation coefficient was 0.275.
Conclusions: The 100-point scale, which is a simple and easy tool for evaluating job satisfaction, was significantly associated with psychological wellbeing as judged using the GHQ-12.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2012-1359

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Biolife s.a.s.  

We previously found that ziram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, significantly inhibited natural killer (NK) activity in a dose-dependent manner. To explore the mechanism of this inhibition, we investigated ziram-induced apoptosis in human NK cells. Human NK-92MI cells were treated with ziram at 0.0625-4 μM for 2-64 h. Apoptosis was determined by FITC-Annexin-V/PI staining. To explore the mechanism of apoptosis, intracellular levels of active caspases 3, 3/7, 8, and 9 and pan-caspase and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release were determined by flow cytometry. Disruption to mitochondrial transmembrane potential was determined with a MitoLight™ Apoptosis Detection Kit. It was found that ziram induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human NK cells. Ziram increased the intracellular levels of active caspases 3, 3/7, 8, and 9 and pan-caspase in a dose-dependent manner, and a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, and a general caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, partially but significantly inhibited the apoptosis. Ziram also disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential and caused mitochondrial cytochrome-c release in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that ziram can induce apoptosis in human NK cells, and the apoptosis is at least mediated by both the caspase-cascade and the mitochondria/cytochroiolifeme-c pathways. Copyright © by BIOLIFE, s.a.s.

DOI： 10.1177/039463201202500406

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

We previously found that forest environments reduced stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline and showed the relaxing effect both in male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of walking under forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age 57.4 +/- 11.6 years) were selected after obtaining informed consent. The subjects took day trips to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo and to an urban area of Tokyo as a control in September 2010. On both trips, they walked for 2 h in the morning and afternoon on a Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled on the morning before each trip and after each trip. Blood pressure was measured on the morning (0800) before each trip, at noon (1300), in the afternoon (1600) during each trip, and on the morning (0800) after each trip. The day trip to the forest park significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline and dopamine levels and significantly increased serum adiponectin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. Walking exercise also reduced the levels of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and urinary dopamine. Taken together, habitual walking in forest environments may lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity and have beneficial effects on blood adiponectin and DHEA-S levels, and habitual walking exercise may have beneficial effects on blood NT-proBNP levels.

DOI： 10.1007/s00421-011-1918-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) is a motor fuel oxygenate used in reformulated gasoline. The current use of ETBE in gasoline or petrol is modest but increasing. To investigate the effects of ETBE on splenocytes, mice were exposed to 0 (control), 500 ppm, 1750 ppm, or 5000 ppm of ETBE by inhalation for 6 h/day for 5 days/wk over a 6- or 13-week period. Splenocytes were harvested from the control and exposed mice, and the following cell phenotypes were quantified by flow cytometry: (1) B cells (PerCP-Cy5.5-CD45R/B220), (2) T cells (PerCP-Cy5-CD3e), (3) T cell subsets (FITC-CD4 and PE-CD8a), (4) natural killer (NK) cells (PE-NK1.1), and (5) macrophages (FITC-CD11b). Body weight and the weight of the spleen were also examined. ETBE-exposure did not affect the weight of the spleen or body weight, while it transiently increased the number of RBC and the Hb concentration. The numbers of splenic CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, the percentage of CD4+ T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in the ETBE-exposed groups were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, ETBE exposure did not affect the numbers of splenic NK cells, B cells, or macrophages or the total number of splenocytes. The above findings indicate that ETBE selectively affects the number of splenic T cells in mice.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

Traditional thinking considered the nervous system, endocrine system and immune system to be independent of each other. However, it is now widely accepted that these systems interact through the psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune network. The nervous system affects the endocrine and immune systems by releasing neurotransmitters through the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation. The endocrine system affects the nervous and immune systems by secreting hormones and the immune system feeds back to the nervous and endocrine systems via cytokines. Forest therapy reduces sympathetic nervous activity, increases parasympathetic nervous activity, and regulates the balance of autonomic nerves. As a result, forest therapy decreases blood pressure and heart rate and has a relaxing effect. Forest therapy affects psychological responses via the brain and nervous system thereby decreasing the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion, and increasing the score for vigor in the POMS test. Forest therapy acts on the endocrine system to reduce stress hormone levels such as urinary adrenaline, urinary noradrenaline, salivary cortisol, and blood cortisol levels and shows a relaxing effect. Forest therapy also acts directly and indirectly on the immune system to promote NK activity by increasing the number of NK cells and intracellular levels of anticancer proteins such as perforin, granulysin and granzymes. Taken together, forest therapy brings various effects on human health via the psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune network.<br>

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.66.645

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00379176238?from=CiNii

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Introduction. It is important to make a prompt diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in order to prevent the development of cardio-/cerebro- vascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM). The authors estimated the risk of development of DM by the presence/absence of MetS and age groups.
Methods. A cross-sectional study of subjects undergoing intensive health examination was conducted (3149 men aged 30-69 years). Diagnosis of MetS was based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel (NCEP).
Results. The prevalence of DM occurring in association with MetS increased with age; it was 11.9% in subjects with MetS in their 30s, it was 19.8% in subjects with MetS in their 60s. The prevalence of DM among subjects who had one or two components of MetS also increased with age. There was a significant progressive increase of the odds ratio in subjects in their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s who were judged as having MetS; significant increase of the odds ratio was seen in subjects in their 60s, even in those who were not judged as having MetS.
Conclusions. Subjects with MetS show a high prevalence of DM, and the prevalence increased with age in the subjects.

DOI： 10.3109/13685538.2011.565092

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.057

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Introduction. The relationship among lifestyle, aging and psychological wellbeing was evaluated in Japanese working men.
Methods. Self-administered questionnaire on six lifestyle factors and the General Health Questionnaire 12-item version (GHQ12) were administered to 3306 male workers. Health practice index (HPI) was calculated as a desirable lifestyle score by summing up each binary lifestyle score (0, 1), ranging from 0 to 6. To check validity of the study outcome, the authors repeated twice with 1 year interval. HPI was categorised into three groups by the score of 0-2, 3-4 and 5-6.
Results. The number of subjects categorised by HPI was 532, 1967 and 807, respectively. The mean value of GHQ12 significantly decreased as the HPI increased by adjusting age. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict GHQ12 by six lifestyle scores, and age, sleep, night snacking and exercise were significantly related to GHQ12. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted and age in 50s, two-shift work, sleep, night snacking and exercise were significantly associated with GHQ12.
Conclusion. Although cause-effect relationship cannot make clear, some of desirable health practices and aging were closely related to psychological wellbeing judged by GHQ12.

DOI： 10.3109/13685538.2010.493588

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the main targets of health promotion activities in the workplace. The present study aimed to clarify the incidence of MetS and associated lifestyle factors in a worksite male population. The study subjects consisted of 948 working men (mean age: 44 yr old) who did not meet the Japanese criteria for MetS during the annual health examination at a precision instrument development plant in Kanagawa, Japan, 2005. New-onset MetS was followed using the health examination data from 2006 to 2009. The incidence of MetS according to the combination of the presence of abdominal obesity and the number of other components of MetS (elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and elevated fasting glucose) at baseline were calculated. The incidence of MetS was also compared among the groups with regard to differences in lifestyles (dietary habits, smoking status, sleep duration, exercise habits, and alcohol intake). A Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify independent factors contributing to an increased risk of MetS. New-onset MetS was observed in 76 subjects during a mean follow-up period of 3.7 yr. The incidence of MetS was 2.2/100 person-years and the 4-year incidence of MetS according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was 8.5%. The highest 4-year incidence of MetS was found in the group without abdominal obesity but with two or more components of MetS (37.9%) and the second highest incidence was found in the group with abdominal obesity and one other component of MetS (24.6%). The presence of abdominal obesity and each increase in the number of other components of MetS had an increased age-adjusted hazard ratio for an increased risk of MetS (5.23 and 4.79, respectively, both p<0.001). Similarly, sleep duration 5 h or less, current smoking, and ethanol intake 300 g/wk or more had an increased age-adjusted hazard ratio for an increased risk of MetS. The present study showed a high incidence of MetS in not only the group with abdominal obesity, but also the group without abdominal obesity but with two or more components of MetS. Sleep deprivation, current smoking, and excess alcohol intake were found to be factors contributing to an increased risk of MetS among several lifestyle factors examined. The usefulness of health promotion activities that preferentially target subjects who have such medical conditions and/or lifestyles are therefore expected to reduce the incidence of MetS in the workplace, from a high-risk strategy viewpoint.

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.B10013

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Alcohol abuse is recognized as a major health issue, and early detection of alcohol abuse is very important. The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) has been widely used as a specific tool for its detection. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Japanese male workers to validate the Japanese version of this test. The Japanese version of AUDIT also contains 10 questions. A score greater than or equal to 11 was considered as indicative of serious alcohol abuse or dependence. A total of 168 subjects took part in the survey, and 145 of these subjects sent in their responses to the questionnaire. Among these 145 subjects, there were 136 men. The average age of these male subjects was 38.2 years (+/- 9.9). Among the 136 male subjects, 113 returned completely filled-in questionnaires. There were no significant differences in the mean values of the AUDIT score, short version of AUDIT (AUDIT-C) score, or age between the subjects who did or did not indicate: their names in the questionnaire. The internal reliability (Cronbach alpha) of AUDIT was 0.67 for the total subject population and 0.45 for the subjects who indicated their names in the questionnaire (n = 69). Cronbach's alpha of AUDIT-C was 0.51 for the total subject population and 0.43 for the subjects who indicated their names in the questionnaire. The Spearman's rho between AUDIT and AUDIT-C was 0.92 (P &lt; .01), and the percentage of subjects with an AUDIT score greater than or equal to 11 was 8.0% (9/113). Thus, the Japanese version of AUDIT showed satisfactory internal reliability. AUDIT is easy to use and is useful for the detection of alcohol-related problems in occupational workers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.012

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Ziram as a dithiocarbamate fungicide is widely used throughout the world in agriculture and as an accelerating agent is used in latex production. In order to investigate ziram-induced apoptosis/necrosis and its underlying mechanism in human immune cells, a human monocyte-like cell line (U937) was treated with ziram at 0.0312-2 mu M for 2-24 h at 37A degrees C in a 5% CO(2) incubator. Apoptosis/necrosis induced by ziram was determined by analysis of FITC-Annexin-V/PI staining and the intracellular level of active caspase-3 by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis. We found that ziram induced apoptosis/necrosis in U937 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as shown by FITC-Annexin-V/PI staining. DNA fragmentation was detected when cells were treated with 0.5, 1, or 2 mu M ziram for 24 h. Ziram also induced an increase in intracellular active caspase-3 in U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, significantly inhibited the ziram-induced apoptosis. Moreover, it was found that ziram induced mitochondrial cytochrome c release in U937 cells. These findings indicate that ziram can induce apoptosis/necrosis in U937 cells, and this effect is partially mediated by activation of intracellular caspase-3 and mitochondrial cytochrome c release.

DOI： 10.1007/s00204-010-0586-9

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Aims: There is an ethnic difference of obesity index to diagnose metabolic syndrome. The authors explored the optimal cut-off levels for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in relation to each component of metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off levels for each component of metabolic syndrome. This study included 4572 workers aged 42.5 ± 9.9 years. Results: The optimal BMI cut-off values for diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia varied from 23.0 to 24.3 kg/m2. As for WC, the optimal cut-off values varied from 83.0 to 83.7 cm. The optimal BMI cut-off values relating with one to three components of metabolic syndrome varied from 23.2 to 25.3 kg/m2. As for WC, the optimal cut-off values varied from 83.0 to 85.0 cm. Pair-wise comparison of ROC curves showed that WC has an advantage in relation to metabolic syndrome and its components compared with BMI. By logistic regression analysis, odds ratios of obesity indices for hypertension, dyslipidemia or the number of metabolic component were all significantly increased. As for diabetes mellitus, odds ratios of BMI ≥25 and WC ≥85 significantly increased, respectively. Conclusions: Japanese criteria of obesity in metabolic syndrome in man may be appropriate for diabetes mellitus. Ethnic difference in criteria of obesity in Asian metabolic syndrome exists, and mutual comparisons in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome have a difficulty to conduct. © 2010 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.012

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum insulin levels and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in working women. Methods: The target subjects were 141 working women. Serum triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, plasma insulin and plasma glucose were measured in addition to waist circumference and blood pressure. Results: MetS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, and was present in 7.1% (10/141) of the study subjects. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that some components of MetS were significantly associated with log-transformed values of the serum insulin. The standardized regression coefficient for the waist circumference, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and age were 0.238, -0.333, 0.309 and -0.156, respectively. Conclusions: A statistically significant relationship existed between the components of MetS and the serum insulin levels in working women. © 2010 Diabetes India.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.12.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Poor self-rated health is considered to be a predictor of short survival, and self-rated health is associated with several lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. To determine whether marital status is an independent risk factor for poor self-rated health among inhabitants in rural areas, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of inhabitants in Japan. Complete responses were obtained from 10,268 individuals. Self-ratings of mental health, demographics, and symptoms were used to predict self-rated health. Being male
having disease, questionnaire-based physical complaints, and depressive state
having lower levels of education
and being divorced resulted in higher odds (95% confidence interval) for poor self-rated health, presenting 1.41 (1.18-1.69), 10.8 (8.62-13.7), 1.11 (1.09-1.12), 1.11 (1.08-1.13), 1.22 (1.02-1.46), and 1.53 (1.01-2.31), respectively. In contrast, age, friendship, and other marital status such as single or bereaved showed no significant relationship with poor self-rated health. To improve self-rated health among rural inhabitants, attention should be focused on divorced inhabitants, especially men. © Taylor &amp
Francis Group, LLC.

DOI： 10.1080/10502556.2011.534395

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

Humans have enjoyed forest environments for ages because of the quiet atmosphere, beautiful scenery, mild climate, and fresh, clean air. In the present study, we found that visiting forest parks, but not a city, enhanced human natural killer (NK) activity, increased anti-cancer proteins, such as perforin, granzymes A and B, and granulysin in NK cells, and reduced the level of stress hormones in both male and female subjects. Moreover, this effect lasted for more than 30 days after the trips, suggesting that visiting a forest park once a month would enable individuals to maintain a higher level of NK activity. Phytoncides released from trees and the decreased production of stress hormones may partially contribute to the increased NK activity. Because NK cells can kill tumor cells by releasing anti-cancer proteins, and visiting forest parks increases NK activity and the amount of anti-cancer proteins; therefore, the above findings suggest that visiting forest parks may have a preventive effect on cancer generation and progression.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Objective: Subjects with higher occupational position are speculated to have higher ability to handle with stress, and they were less affected by job stress. This study focused on the relationship between job satisfaction and three sub-scales of a brief job stress questionnaire (BJSQ) related to workload.
Participants and Methods: This self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 371 employees of a company, and all the workers sent back their responses. Among the 57 items graded on a 4-point Likert-type scale to measure job stressors, psychophysical complaints, and support for workers, the authors studied the influence of quantitative and qualitative job overload (six items), job control (three items), and support port (six items). The job satisfaction score estimated on a 4-point Likert-type scale was also used in relation to job stress determined using a 15-item scale from the BJSQ based on demand-control-support model. Occupational positions were classified into directors, managers, and general workers, and the content of job was classified into clerical workers, skilled technicians, and unskilled manual workers.
Results: All the scales on job stress presented acceptable alpha coefficients reflecting high internal consistency (job demand: 0.855, job control: 0.644, and support: 0.878, respectively). Principal axis factor analysis was conducted, and three factors were extracted; support, job demand and job control. There was a significant difference in the mean score among four groups divided by the job satisfaction level as evaluated by Dunnett's multiple comparison, and members who were dissatisfied with their job showed a high job demand, limited job control, and poor support. The mean score of support for managers were significantly higher (lower support) than that for general workers. The logistic regression analysis revealed that job control and support contributed significantly to job satisfaction. In addition, unskilled manual workers showed significantly higher job dissatisfaction compared with clerical workers.
Conclusions: Worsening of job satisfaction was related to poor job control and lack of support. Strategies to alleviate job stress are therefore urgently needed.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2011-1251

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Objective: It has been suggested that the presence of a depressive state is a predictor of increase of the body weight. However, to precisely understand the nature of this relationship, the data should be controlled for other factors that can also be associated with weight gain.
Methods and Participants: To test the hypothesis that the presence of a depressive state is associated with future weight gain, a 4-year prospective occupation-based cohort study was conducted in male adult workers (N = 1730) at a railway company. Following the initial screening, follow-up information was obtained via a legally required annual health examination. The presence of a depressive state was identified using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The weight of each participant was measured to the nearest kilogram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between the depressive state and a weight gain of 4 kg or more over the 4-year study period after controlling for potentially confounding variables such as the age, smoking status, alcohol intake status, and physical activity.
Results: A weight gain of 4 kg or more over the 4-year study period was significantly associated with the depressive state, even after controlling for confounding variables (p &lt; 0.05). Short-term longitudinal analysis also revealed an association between the depressive state and subsequent increase of the body weight.
Conclusion: Since the depressive state was demonstrated to be an important risk factor for increase of the body weight, further research on depression should be conducted with a view to providing effective health education.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2011-1114

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Objective: The effect of shift schedules on the amount of sleep that workers receive is an important factor in workplace health and safety as well as the employees' overall quality of life. The objective of this study is to compare sleep period among workers engaging in each of the three-shift work.
Methods and Participants: The amount of sleep (sleep period) that male workers with rotating shift schedules received was measured using accelerometers. The mean age of the 16 male workers enrolled in this study was 54.3 years (one standard deviation, 6.7 years). Thirteen participants ranged in age from 51 to 60 years of age, and the other three participants were 32, 48, and 50 years old. Work shifts were rotated on a weekly basis and were categorized into three periods: shift-1 (8:00 to 17:00), shift-2 (15:00 to 23:50), and shift-3 (23:30 to 8:15). Each work week consisted of 5 days.
Results: No significant differences were observed in the mean sleep period for each of the three shifts. However, the sleep periods during shift-1 or shift-2 tended to be longer than that obtained during shift-3. No effect of age on the length of the sleep period was observed.
Conclusions: Rotating shift-work did not affect the amount of sleep that workers obtained. However, a comparison with previous study results suggests that morning shifts (starting at 6 AM) and day shifts (starting at 8 AM) may have different effects on sleep time.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2011-1118

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in carrots obtained from different regions throughout Japan were assessed in a baseline study on the contents of trace metals in foods. These three metals were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The geometric mean contents (with one geometric standard deviation indicated in parentheses) of Cd, Cu, and Zn were 0.02 (2.2), 0.7 (2.1), and 2.4 (1.6) mg kg(-1) wet weight in carrots obtained in Japan. While there was a close relationship among the contents of the three metals in the carrots grown in Cambisols and Gleysols, a significant relationship was recognized only between the contents of Cd and Zn in those grown in Andosols and Fluvic Gleysols. Cd and Zn are classified as 2B metals in the periodic table of elements, and the authors speculate that the similarity of the metal characteristics between Cd and Zn may be responsible for the close relationship in the contents of the two metals, with no relation to the soil type.

DOI： 10.1080/02772248.2011.602684

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Objective: A depressive state and feelings of unhappiness in daily life are regarded as indispensable factors for the diagnosis of major depression. These factors are also speculated to contribute to subsequent psychological wellbeing.
Methods and Participants: A total of 3190 men, aged 33 to 59 years, from a workplace in Japan participated in this one-year prospective study conducted from 2007 to 2008; 3141 men completed both evaluations (98.5%). The prevalences of depressive states and feelings of unhappiness were evaluated using a questionnaire. After one year, psychological wellbeing was evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12-item version. Analysis of variance and a logistic regression analysis were used for the analysis.
Results: The prevalence of no depressive feelings and no feelings of unhappiness among the workers were 73.5% among men in their 30s, 76.9% among men in their 40s, and 83.2% among men in their 50s. The mean GHQ score among participants with or without of depressive feelings and feelings of unhappiness was significantly higher than that among participants who had no depressive feelings and no feelings of unhappiness (control group). In contrast, the mean GHQ score among the participants in their 50s who had only depressive feelings did not differ from that in the control group of participants in their 50s according to a multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: Compared with depressive feelings, feelings of unhappiness were a stronger contributing factor to psychological wellbeing as measured using the GHQ questionnaire, especially among subjects in their 50s, in a one-year follow-up study.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2011-1179

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.06.075

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

We have recently reported that disruption of nuclear erythroid 2 P45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses induced by low-dose diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in mice. C57BL/6 Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice were further exposed to low-dose DEP for 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for a maximum of 8 weeks. After exposure to DEP for 5 weeks, allergic airway inflammation was generated in the mice by intraperitoneal sensitization with OVA followed by intranasal challenge. Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to relatively low-dose DEP showed significantly increased percentage changes relative to the OVA alone group in terms of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cells, levels of IL-5 and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid than did Nrf2(+/+) mice. Lung tissues of Nrf2(-/-) mice after DEP exposure showed inflammatory cell infiltrates, and increased PAS staining-positive mucus cell hyperplasia. In contrast, the percentage changes relative to the OVA group in the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in whole blood was higher in Nrf2(+/+) mice than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. By using Nrf2(-/-) mice, it was shown for the first time that relatively low-dose DEP exposure induces oxidant stress, and that host anti-oxidant responses play a key role in the development of DEP-induced exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.014

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Aims: The prevalence of glucose intolerance in the Japanese adult population is increasing. In this study, the associated factors including lifestyles with glucose intolerance and its metabolism were explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008. The sample included 3203 working men aged 35-59 years. Age, six lifestyle-related factors, and metabolic components were used as variables to calculate the odds ratio for glucose intolerance, which were defined if his fasting plasma glucose was ≥110 mg/dL and &lt;126 mg/dL. Results: The prevalence of glucose intolerance was 8.4%, and it increased with 5-year interval of age (2.2, 5.0, 10.4, 15.2, and 17.5%, respectively). Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of age, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and no current smoking for glucose intolerance were 1.11 (1.09-1.13), 1.66 (1.31-2.11), 1.90 (1.47-2.47), 1.86 (1.46-2.36), and 0.79 (0.62-0.998), respectively. In contrast, the odds ratios of drinking, sleeping, exercise, and dietary habit did not reach the significance level, although multiple regression analysis presented that subjects with regular exercise showed significantly lower serum insulin level. Conclusions: The risk of glucose intolerance was significantly correlated with obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and smoking habit. However, other lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with glucose intolerance. © 2010 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.015

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3109/13685531003586983

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DOI： 10.3109/13685530903536692

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: Serum uric acid and hematological parameters play a significant role for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with CVD, but the relationship between such blood parameters and MetS has not yet been precisely investigated in healthy workers. Methods: A total of 1088 male workers in a pharmaceutical company, aged 30-59 years with mean age of 43.2, were recruited. They participated in annual health examination in 2009. MetS was diagnosed according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria with modification on waist circumference. The relationships between blood parameters and MetS were analyzed according to four groups stratified by the number of components on MetS (0, 1, 2 and 3-5) in combination with age. Results: There was a significant trend of increase of variables such as hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count and serum uric acid as the number of components on MetS increased (p &lt; 0.05). Among them, there was a significant difference in the mean value except platelet count between a group of MetS and other groups. Furthermore, serum uric acid, WBC count and age were significantly associated with MetS by logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in parentheses of uric acid and WBC against MetS were 1.47 (1.28-1.69) and 1.34 (1.21-1.49), respectively. Conclusions: Serum uric acid and WBC were associated with MetS, and such blood parameters increased as the number of MetS components increased in Japanese male workers. © 2010 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.016

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.orcp.2009.12.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) is frequently used as an indicator of insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to clarify the advantage of HOMA-R as an indicator of insulin resistance. A population of 3008 Japanese male workers (34 to 64 years old), who have no history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, coronary and/or cerebrovascular disease and their fasting plasma glucose were under 140 mg/dL. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between HOMA-R and the serum insulin was 0.982. Although HOMA-R is also regulated by the plasma glucose, insulin and plasma glucose are not independent. The lower and upper 2.5%ile data of plasma glucose were prepared, which were used for mathematical basis of strong correlation between HOMA-R and serum insulin. Subjects with higher insulin had higher plasma glucose, which was resulted in higher HOMA-R. In the same manner, HOMA-R would become lower in the area of lower insulin levels. As two lines of the lower and upper 2.5%ile data of plasma glucose exists near, the correlation between HOMA-R and serum insulin became very strong. Although HOMA-R is a popular indicator of insulin resistance, we recommend that HOMA-R could be substituted simply by scrum insulin. This may be valid in the general population with no remakable medical condition. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.10.028

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

Background A slight elevation of cardiac troponin T (TnT) levels in the circulating blood can be detected by the recently developed, high-sensitivity TnT (hsTnT) assay. However, it remains unclear whether a slight elevation of hsTnT is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in subjects without overt cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods The serum hsTnT levels were measured in a work site-based population of 1,072 middle-aged males (mean age 44 years) without any history or presence of CVD. The lower detection limit of the hsTnT assay used in the present study was 0.002 ng/mL. The association of the hsTnT levels with cardiovascular risk factors and the predicted CVD risk, as determined by the Framingham CVD risk prediction score, were examined.
Results Detectable hsTnT levels were seen in 867 subjects (80.9%). The highest value of the hsTnT was 0.020 ng/mL. Among various cardiovascular risk factors, age, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, current smoking, and left ventricular hypertrophy were independent determinants of hsTnT levels. The odds ratio for a high predicted CVD risk (10-year risk &gt;= 20%) in the highest tertile of hsTnT (&gt;= 0.005 ng/mL) in comparison to the lowest tertile (&lt;= 0.002 ng/mL) was 3.98 (95% CI 1.72-9.24, P=.001) after adjusting for multiple potential confounders.
Conclusions The present study showed the hsTnT levels to be significantly associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and the predicted CVD risk in middle-aged men without overt CVD, thus suggesting the usefulness of measuring hsTnT to identify high-risk subjects in the primary prevention of CVD. (Am Heart J 2010;159:972-8.)

DOI： 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.036

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum insulin levels and components of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The target participants were 3054 working men. MS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation and was present in 12.9% of the study patients. Serum lipid profiles, uric acid, insulin, plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A(1c) were measured. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that all the components of MS were significantly associated with log-transformed values of the serum insulin. The standardized regression coefficient for the waist circumference was 5-fold higher than that for fasting plasma glucose, being 0.40 and 0.08, respectively. The standardized regression coefficients for diastolic blood pressure, log-transformed values of serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and age were 0.09, 0.13, -0.16, and -0.11, respectively. A statistically significant relationship existed between the components of MS, especially abdominal obesity, and the serum insulin levels.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00239.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that 2-night/3-day trips to forest parks enhanced human NK activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that this increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in both male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a day trip to a forest park on human INK activity in male subjects. Twelve healthy male subjects, aged 35-53 years, were selected after giving informed consent. The subjects experienced a day trip to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo. They walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in the forest park on Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled in the morning of the following day and 7 days after the trip, and the NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes, the concentration of cortisol in blood samples, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a weekend day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in the forest were measured. The day trip to the forest park significantly increased INK activity and the numbers of CD16(+) and CD56(+) NK cells, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing NK cells and significantly decreased CD4(+) T cells, the concentrations of cortisol in the blood and adrenaline in urine. The increased INK activity lasted for 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides, such as isoprene, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene, were detected in the forest air. These findings indicate that the day trip to the forest park also increased the NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted for at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

Gr3 is reported to play an important role in defense against viral infection. Although it is known that Gr3 is synthesized as a proenzyme and activated in the cytotoxic granules of NK cells and CTL, the activation mechanism is not clearly understood. In an attempt to analyze the activation mechanism of human Gr3, a recombinant pro-Gr3 was expressed in the periplasm of E. coli and purified to homogeneity. On SDS-PAGE the recombinant pro-Gr3 showed a slightly higher molecular weight than the enzymatically active Gr3, because the former possesses a small propeptide at its N-terminal. The recombinant pro-Gr3 was enzymatically inactive. It could be activated by treatment with cathepsin C, which concomitantly decreased the molecular weight to that of active Gr3. The proteolytic reaction of cathepsin C did not continue after one dipeptide had been removed, indicating that the recombinant pro-Gr3 had the native conformation without any refolding process. The recombinant pro-Gr3 would be a valuable tool for analyzing the activation mechanism and exploring other activating enzymes besides cathepsin C.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00187.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objective: This study was intended to identify significant determinant factors of insulin resistance.
Methods: Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and was calculated as "Fasting plasma glucose x Fasting serum insulin)/405". The target subjects were 3008 working men. The serum lipid profiles, uric acid level, insulin level, plasma glucose level, hemoglobin A1C level, and blood pressure, in addition to the waist circumference or body mass index, were also measured. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed using log-transformed values of HOMA-R as the dependent variable.
Results: The standardized regression coefficient for waist circumference was about six times larger than that for hemoglobin A1c (0.45 and 0.08, respectively). The standardized regression coefficients for the other factors were 0.15 for diastolic blood pressure, 0.10 for the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, -0.06 for age, -0.04 for habitual exercise, 0.14 for no habitual drinking, and 0.07 for no smoking. When body mass index was substituted for waist circumference, almost the same results were obtained. The adverse effects of no smoking and no habitual drinking on the HOMA-R score might be explained, at least in part, by the relation of these factors with obesity. Regular exercise had a protective effect on lowering insulin resistance.
Conclusions: A close relation exists between obesity-related indices (waist circumference and body mass index) and insulin resistance, independent of age and other vascular risk factors in Japanese working men. (C) 2009 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.orcp.2009.07.001

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DOI： 10.1177/0960327110377525

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Background: Smoking cessation is one of the primary targets for risk reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It also leads to the prevention of workers&apos; illness or disability. Validation of a 100-point scale to evaluate perceived tobacco dependence was conducted using a 10-item questionnaire (the Tobacco Dependence Screener; TDS), a 6-item questionnaire (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; FTND), and determining the salivary levels of cotinine at Japanese workplaces.
Methods: A total of 1023 male smokers completed the TDS and FTND and scored themselves on the 100-point scale for tobacco dependence (Study 1). Of the subjects participating in Study 1, 282 male smokers from one workplace presented saliva samples, and the salivary nicotine and cotinine levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (Study 2). After conducting principal axis factor analysis, multiple regression analysis was employed to clarify the association between the score on the 100-point scale for perceived tobacco dependence and several factors such as age, the TDS score, the FTND score, and the salivary cotinine level.
Results: The mean age for the subjects was 40.3 years. The mean salivary cotinine level was 235.4 ng/ml, and it increased significantly with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Cronbach&apos;s alpha coefficients for the TDS and FTND were 0.77 and 0.64, respectively. A ROC analysis indicated a cutoff point for the score on the 100-point scale of 61, which yielded a positive result on the TDS (&gt;= 5) with 65.7% sensitivity and 70.0% specificity. When FTND &gt;= 4 was adopted as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity became 68.7% and 73.2%, respectively. Three factors were extracted by principal axis factor analysis, explaining 42% of the total variation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the score on the 100-point scale for evaluating tobacco dependence was positively associated with the TDS and FTND scores, and negatively associated with the age. The adjusted multiple correlation coefficient was 0.262.
Conclusions: The 100-point scale, which is a simple and easy tool to evaluate tobacco dependence, must be used in combination with other tobacco dependence questionnaires such as TDS and FTND and also the salivary cotinine level as a biological marker of tobacco exposure to conduct multi-dimensional education to promote smoking cessation.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2010-0970

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Objective: Identifying the relationship between workload content and health complaints would likely aid the establishment of preventative health care strategies.
Participants: The study population consisted of 137 male workers from a pharmaceutical company.
Methods: The workloads of the target subjects were divided into three groups (A, B, and C+D) according to the scores of a self-administered questionnaire. The results of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 12 items version) for assessing health complaints were also analyzed.
Results: The percentages of workers who reported feelings of stress in response to overtime work, irregular work, business trips, nighttime work, no rest and/or no nap, mental workload, and physical workload were 22.6%, 15.3%, 2.9%, 8.0%, 13.9%, 58.3%, and 18.2%, respectively. The significant odds ratio of workload predicting health complaints was 6.9 for subjects in group B and 13.9 for subjects in group C+D. Among them, the significant odds ratios of mental workload predicting health complaints and a positive GHQ were 5.7 and 4.0, respectively. Having no regular exercise also resulted in ORs of greater than 3 for health complaints and a positive GHQ.
Conclusions: To cope with the health complaints of workers, mental health support by reducing individual workloads is recommended.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2010-1087

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS SOC  

Aim: The present study examined the association between the radial augmentation index (AI), a marker of arterial wave reflection, and the MEGA risk prediction score (MEGA score), an indicator of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, in middle-aged men with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Methods: Radial AI was measured during a company health examination in 266 men (age: 47 +/- 5 years) with total cholesterol levels ranging 220-270 mg/dL who were not taking antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, or antidiabetic agents. The MEGA score was calculated based on sex, age, low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose level, and smoking status. The higher MEGA score indicates increased CHD risk. A MEGA score &gt;= 22 corresponds to a 5-year CHD risk &gt;= 2.5% and we defined a MEGA score &gt;= 22 as a high estimated CHD risk.
Results: The mean AI was 74.4 +/- 12.6%. A high estimated CHD risk was seen in 32 subjects (12.0%). After adjusting for height and heart rate, the AI was higher in subjects with a high estimated CHD risk (81.5 +/- 10.6%) than in those without (73.4 +/- 10.4%, p &lt; 0.001). The odds ratio for high estimated CHD risk in the highest tertile of AI was 8.14 (p = 0.002) in comparison to the lowest tertile, after adjusting for multiple potential confounders which did not constitute the MEGA score.
Conclusion: The radial AI was positively associated with the estimated risk of CHD. These results suggest the usefulness of radial AI as a risk marker for future onset of CHD in middle-aged men with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Bentham Science Publishers B.V.  

Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are implicated in the increased incidence of allergic airway disorders. DEPs induce and exaggerate allergic airway inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Studies of molecular mechanisms have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated directly and indirectly by exposure to DEPs. The ROS play an important role in proinflammatory reaction in airways. Nuclear erythroid 2 P45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates host antioxidant and contributes to regulate airway inflammation and exacerbation of allergic inflammation induced by DEPs. The authors demonstrated that DEPs-induced oxidants stress and resultant inflammatory changes were blocked by antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Therefore, chemoprevention against DEPs health effects in susceptible individuals may become a choice for future environmental protection policy. © 2010 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

DOI： 10.2174/187152810793358787

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Background: There is no agreement on the usefulness of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test for prostate cancer screening in young men in Japan. We believe that medical check-up departments in hospitals conduct prostate cancer screening in subjects under 40 years of age undergoing intensive health check-up for commercial reasons, and speculate that some medical doctors provide tacit consent for this action. To understand the prevalence of PSA testing in young men, the authors examined the age distribution of workers who underwent the PSA test. Methods: The authors used the 2009 intensive health check-up data of male workers aged 30-65 years (n = 298) in a car-manufacturing company to investigate the status of prostate-cancer screening in young men. Multiple comparison was conducted by Tukey&apos;s method when the analysis of variance revealed significant difference. Results: According to the frequency distribution of age, 15.8% of the subjects were under 40 years of age. The mean PSA value increased with age, ranging from 1.0 ng/mL in subjects in their 30s&apos;, to 2.0 ng/mL in subjects in their 60s&apos;. The mean PSA level in subjects in their 60s&apos; was significantly higher than that in subjects in their 30s&apos; and 40s&apos;. The percentage of subjects with serum PSA levels of 4 ng/mL or higher in subjects in their 30s&apos;, 40s&apos;, 50s&apos; and 60s&apos; were 2.1% (1/47), 1.6% (2/125), 4,4% (5/114) and 8.3% (1/12), respectively. Conclusions: One-sixth of male workers attending the health check-up program were under 40 years of age. According to the criteria of the Japanese Urological Association, this examination program included younger subjects who were not candidates for PSA screening. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.canep.2009.07.010

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT INC  

Background: The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) has frequently been used in the United States to predict the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Components of the metabolic syndrome and several lifestyle factors have also been evaluated to estimate the risk of CHD.
Methods: To determine the relationship between the FRS and components of metabolic syndrome as coronary risk indicators, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,619 Japanese male workers, ranging in age from 40 to 64 years, at a single workplace. Although the estimation by the FRS and metabolic syndrome involved some different factors, significant association of the risk estimated by the 2 methods was observed.
Results: When logistic regression analysis was conducted with adjustment for several lifestyle factors, the FRS and serum insulin were found to be significantly associated with the risk of likelihood of metabolic syndrome. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of FRS by per standard deviation increment and serum insulin by increasing 1 mu IU/mL for the prediction of metabolic syndrome were 2.50 (2.17-2.88) and 1.24 (1.20-1.27), respectively. A preventive effect of abstaining from drinking every day and eating breakfast almost daily against the likelihood of metabolic syndrome was also observed.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the FRS and insulin were found to be significantly associated with the risk of likelihood of metabolic syndrome, even after controlling for weight change.

DOI： 10.1089/met.2008.0087

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that the forest environment enhanced human natural killer (NK) cell activity, the number of NK ceIls, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after trips to forests both in male and female subjects. To explore the factors in the forest environment that activated human NK cells, in the present study we investigate the effect of essential oils from trees on human immune function in twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-60 years, who stayed at an urban hotel for 3 nights from 7.00p.m. to 8.00a.m. Aromatic volatile substances (phytoncides) were produced by vaporizing Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki cypress) stem oil with a humidifier in the hotel room during the night stay. Blood samples were taken on the last day and urine samples were analysed every day during the stay. NK activity, the percentages of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes in blood, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine were measured. Similar control measurements were made before the stay on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in the hotel room air were measured. Phytoncide exposure significantly increased NK activity and the percentages of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells, and significantly decreased the percentage of T cells, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, were detected in the hotel room air. These findings indicate that phytoncide exposure and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to increased NK activity.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Objective. This study examined the relationship between job stain and radial arterial wave reflection as expressed by the augmentation index (AI), a marker of cardiovascular risk, in middle-aged male workers.
Methods. Radial AI was measured using automated applanation tonometry in 808 working men (mean age; 47 +/- 5 years) at a company in Kanagawa, Japan in 2007. An elevated AI represents the deterioration of arterial properties and increased cardiovascular risk. job demand and job control (decision latitude) were evaluated by a self-administered, Brief job Stress Questionnaire. High job strain was defined as the combination of high job demand and low job control.
Results. In the entire study population, the mean +/- SD and the median of AI were 74 +/- 13% and 75%, respectively. High job strain was seen in 267 subjects. In a multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for multiple potential confounders, high job strain showed a significantly increased odds ratio (1.47, 95% CI; 1.04-2.09, P = 0.029) for an elevated AI (&gt;= 75%).
Conclusion. High job strain was significantly associated with an elevated radial AI. The measurement of AI may be useful when incorporated in workplace interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially at sites where workers tend to perceive high job strain. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have recently reported that airway inflammatory responses to the oxidative stress induced by prolonged low-dose diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure differ markedly between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, the effects of genetic differences in the response to prolonged low-dose DEP exposure on the generation of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation were further explored using the same mouse strains. In BALB/c mice, eosinophils and mucous goblet cells in histopathological pulmonary specimens increased significantly after DEP exposure, and were more marked than in C57BL/6 mice. Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were increased significantly by DEP exposure only in BALB/c mice. The DEP-induced increases in peribronchial eosinophils and mucous goblet cells in the lung tissues, and of IL-5 and IL-13 in the BAL fluid, were significantly attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Thus, the effects of prolonged low-dose DEP exposure on the generation of allergic airway inflammation differed markedly between the mouse strains. These differences may be caused by different antioxidant responses to the oxidative stress induced by DEP exposure. Our results contribute more information to the search for genetic susceptibility factors in the response to DEP, and may thus assist in the discovery of new biomarkers for DEP-related disease.

DOI： 10.1080/08923970802383316

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

This study aimed to examine whether obesity, including abdominal obesity, is an influential factor for radial arterial wave reflection, as expressed by the augmentation index ( AI), in middle-aged Japanese men. Radial arterial pressure waveform was measured using automated applanation tonometry in 828 men ( mean age: 47 +/- 5 years) during an annual health examination at a company. Radial AI was calculated from the waveforms. AI appeared to be similar between subjects with and without obesity ( body mass index (BMI) &gt;= 25 and &lt;25 kg m(-2), respectively). However, after adjusting for age, height, heart rate, mean blood pressure, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, white blood cell count and other potential confounders, AI was significantly lower in subjects with obesity (71.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI); 70.2-73.0%) than in those without (75.2%, 95% CI; 74.4-76.0%, Po0.001). In a multiple linear regression analysis, BMI was negatively associated with AI (beta = -0.20, P&lt;0.001); other factors associated with AI were heart rate (beta = -0.56), mean blood pressure (beta-0.44), height (beta- -0.24), age (beta-0.15), current smoking (beta-0.09), white blood cell count (beta-0.06) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (beta=0.06). Similar associations were found when waist circumference ( WC, an index of abdominal obesity) was substituted for BMI in the analysis (beta = -0.12, P&lt;0.001). BMI closely correlated with WC (r = 0.87), thus suggesting that approximately 76% (a square of 0.87) of BMI can be explained by WC. In conclusion, although it does not have a major impact, obesity, including abdominal obesity, may be an influential factor for reduced radial AI, independently of well-known confounders, in middle-aged Japanese men. Hypertension Research ( 2009) 32, 387-391; doi:10.1038/hr.2009.33; published online 27 March 2009

DOI： 10.1038/hr.2009.33

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.genm.2009.04.001

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Hepatology  

We examined the natural course and clinical characteristics of 147 HCV carriers. Stored serum samples obtained from patients were examined for HCV core antigen levels. Patients were classified into three groups according to the difference of HCV core antigen levels 20 years after infection: Group A, defined as HCV core antigen ≥2000 fmol/L; Group B, 20-1999 fmol/L; Group C, <20 fmol/L. The number of patients were 64 (43.6%) in Group A, 42 (28.6%) in Group B, and 41 (27.8%) in Group C. Patients in Group B were significantly higher in ZTT and significantly lower in ALB compared to those in Group A. HCV core antigen levels in Group B decreased 15-20 years after infection compared to those in Group A.<br>

DOI： 10.2957/kanzo.50.35

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00324742563?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a new salivary collection device (psi10 mm x 25 mm) made of polypropylene and polyethylene polymers (Salisoft((R))). Experiment 1; We measured the absorption capacity of the new device by two methods. Next, we examined whether the device affected the pH of 0.1 M NaHCO(3) solution (pH 8.7) and 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). Experiment 2; We compared three saliva collection methods: by passive drool, using a cotton device (Salivette((R))), and using the new device. Saliva samples were collected from twelve men (average age, 31.5 +/- 17.1 years). Saliva samples were assayed for cotinine, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone concentrations by enzyme immunoassay, and the pH of saliva samples were measured. After this device was put in the mouth for one minute, 1.28 +/- 0.13 mL (mean +/- SD, N = 6) of saliva samples were obtained. The mean pHs of saliva samples collected using Salisoft((R)) and by passive drool did not differ significantly, whereas that of saliva samples collected with Salivette((R)) was significantly low. Saliva samples collected with Salisoft((R)) and those obtained by passive drool did not show significant differences in the concentrations of cotinine, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone. Moreover, significant positive correlations were noted between the concentrations in saliva samples collected with Salisoft((R)) and those in saliva samples collected by passive drool. This new device was shown to be suitable for saliva collection for the determination of the concentrations of cotinine and some steroids by enzyme immunoassay.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.811

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

It was found previously that organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) significantly inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. To explore the mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of CTL activity, the present study investigated whether OPs can induce cell death/apoptosis in T cells. Jurkat human T cells were treated with chlorpyrifos at 0-100 ppm for 2, 4, and 6 h at 37 degrees C in vitro. It was found that chlorpyrifos induced cell death of Jurkat human T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as shown by MTT and LDH assays. Then, it was investigated if chlorpyrifos-induced cell death consisted of apoptosis, as determined by analysis of Annexin-V staining and the intracellular level of active caspase-3 by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis. It was found that chlorpyrifos induces apoptosis in Jurkat T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as determined by analysis of Annexin-V staining. DNA fragmentation was detected when cells were treated with 50 or 100 ppm chlorpyrifos for 4 and 6 h. Chlorpyrifos also induced an increase in intracellular active caspase-3 in Jurkat T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, significantly inhibited chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that chlorpyrifos can induce apoptosis in human Jurkat T cell cells, and this effect is partially mediated by the activation of intracellular caspase-3. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tox.2008.10.003

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Background: Lifestyle determinants of depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness in daily life were evaluated among the workers in Japan by adjusting obesity and age.
Methods: A total of 3630 men aged 34 to 60 years from a workplace in Japan participated in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2006. The prevalence of depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness were evaluated by a questionnaire with questions pertaining to the age, body mass index, and six lifestyle factors. The six lifestyle factors were frequency of exercise and alcohol intake per week, smoking habit, hours of sleep per day, and frequency of eating breakfast and snack per week. The associations between depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness and the lifestyle factors were tested by logistic regression analysis.
Results: The prevalence of depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness among the workers was 8.1% and 20.3%, respectively. The prevalence of workers who sleep at least for 6 hours on average, exercise regularly and eat breakfast everyday increased as the age of the workers increased. Depressive state and a feeling of unhappiness were significantly associated with age and a reduced duration of sleep even after adjustment for the other variables. No significant associations were found between the other lifestyle factors examined and depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness.
Conclusions: Depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness were significantly associated with a reduced duration of sleep among the workers. Aging was a preventative factor of depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness. The effect of obesity was adjusted in this study, but the cause-effect relation between lifestyles and depressive state and/or a feeling of unhappiness should be clarified by the follow-up study.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2009-0873

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Background: Although the prevalence of obesity in the Japanese adult population is lower than that in the US adult population, there appears to be a trend towards increase in the prevalence of obesity in Japanese men. In this study, the usefulness of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) determination as predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was evaluated in Japanese working men.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the spring of 2007. The sample included 3,486 working men aged 35 to 59 years. The standard criteria of the International Diabetes Federation were used to determine the prevalence of MetS. The results were adjusted for age, smoking, habitual drinking and serum uric acid. To calculate the OR, MetS was tentatively defined as the presence of two or more of the following criteria in the subjects: high blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia.
Results: The prevalence of MetS was 17.0%, and it increased with age until the mid-50s. The percentages of subjects with high blood pressure, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were 57.3, 12.7, 29.4 and 21.3%, respectively. As compared to that in the subjects classified in the lowest WC quintile, the ORs (95% confidence interval (CI)) for MetS of a WC in the range of 76.0 to 81.4, 81.5 to 85.9, 86.0 to 90.9, and &gt;= 91 cm were 1.66 (1.13-2.45), 1.74 (1.13-2.67), 2.37 (1.50-3.74), and 2.84 (1.73-4.64), respectively. In contrast, the OR (95% CI) for MetS of a BMI in the range of 24.5 to 26.5 and &gt;= 26.6 Kg/m(2) were 2.43 (1.58-3.73) and 3.27 (2.04-5.27), which just about reached the significance level.
Conclusions: The risk of MetS was correlated with the obesity indices. However, BMI values in the high normal range were not significantly associated with the risk of MetS.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2009-0905

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC  

Agreement rates for waking and sleeping obtained via sleep diary and accelerometer were evaluated, to compare the two methods. Sleep/wake data for consecutive days and nights were surveyed in 119 healthy university students. Accelerometer sleep/wake judgments obeyed the standard algorithm. Agreement rates for waking and sleeping according to accelerometer versus sleep diary, respectively, were calculated. Sleep diary data were set as a baseline. Seventy-six subjects (63.9%), 22 to 32 years of age, presented perfect data for the analysis. The mean sleep times, in minutes, judged by sleep diary and by accelerometer, were 482.3 and 629.6, respectively. The mean percentages and standard deviations of agreement on wake and sleep were 77.5% (SD = 10.2) and 86.1% (SD = 6.2), respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between the agreement rates for wake and sleep (r = -.482, p &lt;.01). The accelerometer showed some measurement failure during waking, presumably because of the decrease in body movement. Sleep diary data during daytime appear to be more valid for detecting a sleep/wake cycle than are accelerometer data. In contrasts nocturnal sleep diary data might be supplemented by the use of an accelerometer as long as participants do not have insomnia.

DOI： 10.3758/BRM.40.4.1026

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DOI： 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.014

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

To test our hypothesis that diesel exhaust particle (DEP)-induced oxidative stress and host antioxidant responses play a key role in the development of DEP-induced airway inflammatory diseases, C57BL/6 nuclear erythroid 2 P45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) and wild-type mice were exposed to low-dose DEP for 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to low-dose DEP showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness and counts of lymphocytes and eosinophils, together with increased concentrations of IL-12 and IL-13, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), in BAL fluid than witd-type mice. In contrast, expression of antioxidant enzyme genes was significantly higher in wild-type mice than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. We have first demonstrated that disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses induced by inhalation of tow-dose DEP in mice. These results strongly suggest that DEP-induced oxidative stress and host antioxidant responses play some role in the development of DEP-induced airway inflammation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.clim.2008.05.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has emerged as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Western countries. However, it is still uncertain regarding whether hsCRP is associated with the risk of CHD in Japan.
Methods: The serum hsCRP levels were measured in 687 middle-aged Japanese male workers (age range; 40-59 years) during an annual health examination at a company in Kanagawa, Japan, in 2005. All participants were free from any cardiovascular diseases and any medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was calculated as an individual&apos;s risk level of future development of CHD. Associations between hsCRP and the FRS were then evaluated.
Results: The distribution of hsCRP was skewed to the left with a median value (interquartile range) of 0.3 (0.2, 0.6) mg/L. Log-transformed hsCRP significantly correlated with all components of the FRS except for age. The FRS gradually and significantly increased (p=0.001 for trend) with an increase in the quartiles of hsCRP after adjusting for multiple potential confounders such as triglycerides, the body mass index, alcohol intake, and a family history of cardiovascular disease. For the highest quartile of hsCRP, crude and above-listed confounders-adjusted odds ratios of the high-risk for CHD (FRS &gt;= 6 point) compared to the lowest quartile were 6.97 (95% CI: 3.20-15.17, p&lt;0.001) and 3.85 (95% CI: 1.69-8.77, p=0.001), respectively.
Conclusions: These results suggest that hsCRP is associated with the risk of CHD, as estimated by the FRS, in middle-aged Japanese men. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.07.099

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

The authors used BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains to search for genetically based differences in response to prolonged (6 months) low-dose (100 mu g/m(3)) diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure from birth in terms of airway inflammatory responses. Histopathological assessment showed that inflammatory cells infiltrated the perivascular areas only in C57BL/6 mice. The count of DEP-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was significantly greater in BALB/c mice (P &lt; .05) than in C57BL/6 mice. The lymphocyte and eosinophil count in BAL fluid was significantly greater in C57BL/6 mice (P &lt; .05) than in BALB/c mice. Immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG(1) and IgG(2) levels in serum, and the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 level in BAL fluid were significantly greater in BALB/c mice than in C57BL/6 mice. The interleukin (IL)-12 level in BAL fluid was significantly greater in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice, but the IL-13 level in BAL fluid was significantly less in BALB/c mice than in C57BL/6 mice. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA expression and protein production in lung tissues were significantly lower in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in the lung tissues were significantly greater in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, prolonged low-dose DEP exposure induces airway inflammatory responses that differ remarkably among mouse strains; these differences are caused by differences in the host defense response to the oxidative stress induced by DEP exposure and may be useful in the development of biomarkers.

DOI： 10.1080/01902140701884406

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.50.1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Natural killer (NK), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells kill target cells by the directed release of cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes, and granulysin. We have found previously that dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, dichlorvos), an organophosphorus pesticide, significantly decreased the expression of perforin, granzyme A (GrA), and granulysin and inhibited NK, LAK, and CTL activities. To further explore the mechanism of organophosphorus pesticide-induced inhibition of cell-mediated cytolysis, we examined whether organophosphorus pesticides affect the expression of GrB and Gr3/K in NK cells. We used an interleukin-2 (IL-2) independent human NK cell line, NK-92CI. We confirmed that NK-92CI cells express intracellular GrB and Gr3/K by flow cytometry, that NK-92CI cells are highly cytotoxic to K562 cells with a chromium release assay, and that DDVP significantly inhibited cytolytic activity of NK-92CI cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We found that DDVP significantly decreased the expression of GrB and Gr3/K in NK-92CI cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by flow cytometry. Immunocytochemical results showed that DDVP significantly decreases the level of GrB positive granules in NK-92CI cells, which may be due to degranulation. Taken together, DDVP significantly inhibits NK activity and reduces the intracellular GrB and Gr3/K levels in NK cells. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.018

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We previously reported that forest bathing trips enhanced human NK activity, number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in male subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of forest bathing trip on human NK activity in female subjects. Thirteen healthy nurses, age 25-43 years, professional career 4-18 years, were selected with informed consent. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip to forest fields. On day 1, the subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; on day 2, they walked for two hours each in the morning and afternoon in two different forest fields; and on day 3, the subjects finished the trip and returned to Tokyo after drawing blood and completing a questionnaire. Blood and urine were sampled on the second and third days during the trip, and on days 7 and 30 after the trip. NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perform, and granzymes A/ B-expressing lymphocytes in the blood samples, the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in serum, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine were measured. Similar control measurements were made before the trip on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in the forests were measured. The forest bathing trip significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells and significantly decreased the percentage of T cells, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were detected in forest air. These findings indicate that a forest bathing trip also increased NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins in female subjects, and that this effect lasted at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to the increased NK activity. Copyright © by BIOLIFE, s.a.s.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that a forest bathing trip enhanced human NK activity, number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes. In the present study, we investigated how long the increased NK activity lasts and compared the effect of a forest bathing trip on NK activity with a trip to places in a city without forests. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 35-56 years, were selected with informed consent. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip to forest fields and to a city, in which activity levels during both trips were matched. On day 1, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on day 2, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields; and on day 3, the subjects finished the trip and returned to Tokyo after drawing blood samples and completing the questionnaire. Blood and urine were sampled on the second and third days during the trips, and on days 7 and 30 after the trip, and NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing lymphocytes in the blood samples,, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trips on a normal working day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in forest and city air were measured. The forest bathing trip significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells and significantly decreased the concentration of adrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip. In contrast, a city tourist visit did not increase NK activity, numbers of NK cells, nor the expression of selected intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and did not decrease the concentration of adrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were detected in forest air, but almost not in city air. These findings indicate that a forest bathing trip increased NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Background: The physical symptoms and mental health status of 3,447 men working in a dairy product company were evaluated by a health questionnaire, the Todai Health Index (THI). The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between job content and subjective health status.
Method: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study. Thirty-three branches of the company are distributed throughout Japan. The subjects ranged in age from 18 to 59 years old. The THI is composed of 130 questions and each subject&apos;s physical and mental health status was evaluated based on the scores in 13 specific scales. The subjects&apos; jobs were classified into three categories: 1 production process work; 2 clerical or technical work; 3 transportation or sales work. Subjects grouped into the clerical or technical work category were set as the control group, because the authors speculated that the lowest workload was observed in group of clerical or technical work.
Results: The scores in each of the THI scales were compared among workers in the three job categories stratified by the age group (10-year age groups). The transportation or sales workers began to show high scores for irregularity of lifestyle from their 30&apos;s, and this was maintained until subjects&apos; retirement from the company. In addition, the same group also began to show higher scores for physical symptoms, such as vague complaints, respiratory complaints, and eye complaints from their 40&apos;s and higher scores for mouth and evacuation and digestive complaints from their 50&apos;s.
Conclusions: Transportation or sales workers should receive adequate health care to prevent a high prevalence of physical and/or illness.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Background: The relationship between total sleep time and activity levels during work before or after sleep in two rotating work shifts was compared.
Method: Monitoring of activity levels using an activity-detecting device in the wrist was conducted in 17 rotating shift workers, who ranged in age from 34 to 55 years. The work shifts, consisting of a morning shift (6: 30 to 15: 15 hours) and an evening shift (15: 15 to 24: 00 hours), were rotated on a weekly basis. Partial correlation coefficient was calculated after controlling for age.
Results: The total sleep time after the morning shift was significantly related to the activity count before sleep (r = - 0.42) or after sleep (r = -0.36). There was also a significant relationship between total sleep time after the evening shift and the activity count before sleep (r = -0.39) or after sleep (r = -0.32). The mean total sleep time of the subjects for the morning shift was 349 minutes, which was significantly lower than that after the evening shift (382 minutes). In addition, the activity count during the morning shift was significantly higher than that during the evening shift.
Conclusions: The negative relationship between sleep time and activity before or after sleep became clear in shift workers.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

The second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) has been used as a non-invasive examination for arterial stiffness. The present study sought to elucidate independent determinants of the SDPTG among various cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Japanese men. The SDPTG was obtained from the cuticle of the left-hand forefinger in 973 male workers (mean age: 44 6 years) during a medical checkup at a company. The SDPTG indices (b/a and d/a) were calculated from the height of the wave components. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the independent determinants of an increased b/a (highest quartile of the b/a) were age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12 per 1-year increase, 95% confidence interval (CI]: 1.09-1.15), hypertension (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03-2.65), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.09), impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.16-5.07), and a lack of regular exercise (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.29-3.08). Similarly, independent determinants of a decreased d/a (lowest quartile of the d/a) were age (OR: 1.11 per 1-year increase, 95% CI: 1.08-1.14), hypertension (OR: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.20-5.38), and alcohol intake 6 or 7 days per week (OR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.80-4.06). No independent association was observed between the SDPTG indices and blood leukocyte count or serum C-reactive protein levels. In conclusion, the SDPTG indices reflect arterial properties affected by several cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Japanese men. The association between inflammation and the SDPTG should be evaluated in further studies.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

We found previously that organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) significantly inhibited natural killer (NK) activity. To explore the mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of NK activity, we investigated whether, OPs can induce apoptosis in NK cells in the present study. We used NK-92CI and NK-92MI cells, which are interleukin-2 independent human NK cell lines. NK-92CI and/or NK-92MI were treated with dichlorvos (DDVP) or chlorpyrifos (CP) at 0-100 ppm for 1-72 It at 37 degrees C in vitro. Apoptosis induced by DDVP and CP was determined by FITC-Annexin V staining and the intracellular level of active caspase-3 was analysed by flow cytometry. We found that DDVP and CP significantly induced apoptosis in NK-92CI and NK-92MI cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DDVP also induced an increase of intracellular active caspase-3 in NK-92CI in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, significantly inhibited DDVP-induced apoptosis, suggesting that this apoptosis is partially mediated by activation of intracellular caspase-3. The pattern of apoptosis induced by CP differed from that induced by DDVP. CP showed a faster response than DDVP at higher doses; whereas, DDVP showed a slower, but stronger apoptosis-inducing ability than CP at lower doses. Moreover, the response to OP's differed between NK-92CI and NK-92MI cells, and NK-92CI was more sensitive to OPs than NK-92MI. This is similar to the inhibition of NK activity induced by DDVP, in which NK-92CI was more easily inhibited by DDVP than NK-92MI. Taken together, these findings suggest that OP-induced inhibition of NK activity may be at least partially mediated by OP-induced apoptosis in NK. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.100

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS  

In comparison with western populations, body mass index (BMI) of the Japanese population is typically lower. In this Study, the relationship between BMI and other metabolic risk factors was examined in 1,130 male manufacturing workers surveyed from 2000 to 2003. The association between the BMI and the relative risk of hypertension was evaluated in a cross-sectional design using logistic regression analysis. The mean BMI in the subjects was 23.6 (SD=3.2). Of the total number of subjects, 26.6% and 3.3% were classified as pre-obese and obese, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that BMI of 23 or greater was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia. Health education of weight control of borderline obesity of workers is important for the primary prevention of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Japan.

DOI： 10.2466/PMS-104.3.733-738

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Objective. It is well documented that natural killer (NK) cells provide host defense against tumors and viruses. We previously showed that lifestyle affects human NK and LAK activities. In order to explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the effect of lifestyle on intracellular perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL).
Methods. 114 healthy male subjects, aged 20-59 years, from a large company in Osaka, Japan were selected with informed consent. The subjects were divided into groups reporting good, moderate, and poor lifestyles according to their responses on a questionnaire regarding eight health practices (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, working hours, physical exercise, eating breakfast, balanced nutrition, and mental stress). Peripheral blood was taken, and numbers of NK, T, perform, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL were measured by flow cytometry.
Results. Subjects with good or moderate lifestyle showed significantly higher numbers of NK, and perform, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells and a significantly lower number of T cells in PBL than subjects with poor lifestyle. Among the eight health practices, cigarette smoking, physical exercise, eating breakfast, and balanced nutrition significantly affect the numbers of NK, T cells, perform, granulysin, and/or granzymes A/B-expressing cells, and alcohol consumption significantly affects the number of granzyme A-expressing cells. On the other hand, mental stress, sleeping, and working hours had no effect on those parameters.
Conclusions. Taken together, these findings indicate that poor lifestyle significantly decreases the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Background: Insomnia is one of the characteristics of the early depressive state. One-third of university students has a mild depressive state. In this Study, we examined whether the depressive state would be correlated with the actigraphic-derived daytime activity levels (DAL) and total sleep time (TST) in students with no psychiatric disorders.
Method: Consenting volunteers were monitored at home for 3-4 days with a wrist actigraph. The DALs for 3 h before noon (DAL-M) and after 13:00 h (DAL-A) were calculated. The states of sleep and wakefulness werejudged based on the activity levels, using a special algorithm. On the first day of the recording, the subjects were requested to fill a questionnaire, "Center of Epiderniologic Scale for Depression Scale (CES-D)," to evaluate the severity of their depressive state.
Results: There was a significant correlation between the DAL-M and DAL-A in both males (r = 0.52, n = 27) and females (r = 0.50, n = 21). TST was significantly correlated with depressive state only in the females (r = 0.49, n = 28). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between the DAL and the severity of the depressive state. By multiple regression analysis, TST was only a good predictor of depressive state.
Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggest that TST could be used as an index of the depressive state. The TST values in this study decreased as the severity of the depressive state increased, which suggests an association between the severity of the depressive state and insufficient sleep. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jad.2006.07.004

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The aim of this study was to examine whether serum uric acid (SUA) concentration was related to the metabolic syndrome (MS). A total of 981 Japanese workingmen were studied. MS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. MS was present in 8.0% of the target participants. Logistic regression analysis using a cutoff value of the SUA of 7.0 mg/dL showed that some components of MS and the logarithmic value of the serum C-reactive protein were associated with a significant odds ratio for predicting elevated SUA. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of a high logarithmic value of the serum C-reactive protein, large waist girth, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia for elevated SUA were 1.76 (CI, 1.21-2.55), 1.72 (CI, 1.21-2.45), 1.42 (CI, 1.01-2.00), and 1.87 (CI, 1.30-2.69), respectively. Most of the components of MS were significant determinants of SUA.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1559-4564.2007.06596.x

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：2 Suppl 2  

In order to explore the effect of forest bathing on human immune function, we investigated natural killer (NK) activity; the number of NK cells, and perforin, granzymes and granulysin-expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) during a visit to forest fields. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-55 years, were selected with informed consent from three large companies in Tokyo, Japan. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip in three different forest fields. On the first day, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on the second day, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields. Blood was sampled on the second and third days, and NK activity; proportions of NK, T cells, granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a normal working day as the control. Almost all of the subjects (11/12) showed higher NK activity after the trip (about 50 percent increased) compared with before. There are significant differences both before and after the trip and between days 1 and 2 in NK activity. The forest bathing trip also significantly increased the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that a forest bathing trip can increase NK activity, and that this effect at least partially mediated by increasing the number of NK cells and by the induction of intracellular anti-cancer proteins.

DOI： 10.1177/03946320070200s202

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

In order to investigate chlorpyrifos-induced cell death and its underlying mechanism in human immune cells, a human monocyte like cell line (U937) was treated with chlorpyrifos at 4.45-570 mu M for 0.5-24 h at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 incubator. We first found that chlorpyrifos induced cell death of U937 in a dose- and time-dependent manner,,as shown by LDH and MTT assays and PI uptake. Then, we investigated if chlorpyrifos-induced cell death consisted of apoptosis, as determined by analysis of Annexin-V staining and the intracellular level of active caspase-3 by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis. We found that chlorpyrifos induced apoptosis in U937 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as shown by Annexin-V staining. DNA fragmentation was detected when cells were treated with 71 to 284 mu M chlorpyrifos for 4 or 6 It. Chlorpyrifos also induced an increase of intracellular active caspase-3 in U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, significantly inhibited the chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that chlorpyrifos can induce apoptosis in U937 cells, and this effect is partially mediated by activation of intracellular caspase-3. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.055

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：CHIN SOCIETY IMMUNOLOGY  

The main toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is neurotoxicity, which is caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. OPs also affect immune responses including effects on antibody production, IL-2 production, T cell proliferation, decreasement of CD5 cells, and increasement of CD26 cells and autoantibodies. However, there have been few papers investigating the mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of cytolytic activity of killer cells. This study reviews the new mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of activities of natural killer (NK), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). NK, LAK and CTL induce cell death in tumor or virus-infected target cells by two main mechanisms. The first mechanism is direct release of cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes, and granulysin by exocytosis to kill target cells, which is called the granule exocytosis pathway. The second mechanism is mediated by the Fas ligand (Fas-L)/Fas pathway. To date, it has been reported that OPs inhibit NK, LAK and CTL activities by at least the following three mechanisms: 1) OPs impair the granule exocytosis pathway of NK, LAK and CTL cells by inhibiting the activity of granzymes, and by decreasing the intracellular level of perforin, granzyme A and granulysin, which was mediated by inducing degranulation of NK cells and by inhibiting the transcript of mRNA of perforin, granzyme A and granulysin; 2) OPs impair the FasL/Fas pathway of NK, LAK and CTL cells, as investigated by using perforin-knockout mice, in which the granule exocytosis pathway of NK cells does not function and only the FasL/Fas pathway remains functional; 3) OPs induce apoptosis of immune cells.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

To explore the effect of forest bathing on the human immune system, we investigated the effect of phytoncides (wood essential oils) on natural killer (NK) activity and the expression of perforin, granzyme A and granulysin in human NK cells. We used NK-92MI cell, an interleukin-2 independent human NK cell line derived from the NK-92 cell, in the present study. NK-92MI cells express the CD56 surface marker, perforin, granzyme A, and granulysin by flow cytometry and are highly cytotoxic to K562 cells in chromium release assay. Phytoncides significantly increase cytolytic activity of NK-92MI cells in a dose-dependent manner and significantly increase the expression of perforin, granzyme A, and granulysin in the NK-92MI cells. Phytoncides also partially, but significantly, restore the decreased human NK activity and the decreased perforin, granzyme A, and granulysin expression in NK-92MI cells induced by dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate ( DDVP), an organophosphorus pesticide. Pretreatment with phytoncides partially prevents DDVP-induced inhibition of NK activity. Taken together, these data indicate that phytoncides significantly enhance human NK activity and this effect is at least partially mediated by induction of intracellular perforin, granzyme A, and granulysin.

DOI： 10.1080/08923970600809439

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Human granzyme 3 (Gr3) is a serine protease contained in the granules of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To elucidate the biochemical and physiological characteristics of Gr3, we attempted to prepare an enzymatically active recombinant human Gr3 without refolding and proteolytic activation. An expression vector was constructed, in which the pre-/pro-peptide coding sequence of Gr3 was replaced with the bacterial pelB leader sequence. The resultant expression product was a fully active protease in the periplasmic fraction of Escherichia coli and was purified to homogeneity. The purified enzyme effectively hydrolyzed Z-Lys-SBzl, a conventionally used substrate of Gr3. In addition, it also hydrolyzed the peptide substrate library FRETS-25Xaa series, required basic amino acid residues, Arg or Lys, at the P1 position, and most efficiently hydrolyzed the carboxylic side of Phe-Tyr-Arg downward arrow (P3-P2-P1) sequence of the 475 tripeptide combinations.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Fourteen-membered ring macrolides have been effective in reducing chronic airway inflammation and also preventing lung injury and fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice via anti-inflammatory effects. EM703 is a new derivative of erythromycin (EM) without the bactericidal effects. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of EM703 in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung injury and subsequent fibrosis in mice. METHODS: Seven-week-old male ICR mice were used. All experiments used eight mice/group, unless otherwise noted in the figure legends. Bleomycin was administered intravenously to the mice on day 0. EM703 was orally administered daily to mice. All groups were examined for cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and for induction of messenger RNA (mRNA) of Smad3 and Smad4 in the lung tissues by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chainreaction (PCR) on day 7. Fibroblastic foci were assessed histologically, and the hydroxyproline content was chemically determined in the lung tissues on day 28. We performed assay of proliferation and soluble collagen production, and examined the induction of mRNA of Smad3 and Smad4 by RT-PCR in murine lung fibroblast cell line MLg2908. We also examined Smad3, Smad4 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) protein assay by western blotting in MLg2908. RESULTS: Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, and the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the airspace were inhibited by EM703. The expression of Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA was clearly attenuated by bleomycin, but was recovered by EM703. EM703 also inhibited fibroblast proliferation and the collagen production in lung fibroblasts induced by Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). The expression of Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA in murine lung fibroblasts disappeared due to TGF-beta, but was recovered by EM703. EM703 inhibited the expression of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 protein in murine lung fibroblasts induced by TGF-beta. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that EM703 improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by actions of anti-inflammation and regulation of TGF-beta signaling in lung fibroblasts.

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Middle-aged workingmen (N=984) with no present medical treatment were enrolled to determine whether there is an association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and serum levels of C-reactive protein. MetS was defined as follows: waist circumference > or = 85 cm as a necessary criterion; in addition, two or more of the following criteria were required: serum triglycerides > or = 150 mg/dL and/or highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure > or = 130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 85 mm Hg; fasting blood glucose > or = 110 mg/dL. Three groups were identified by the components of MetS: a reference group of subjects with a waist circumference <85 cm; group A, with a waist circumference > or = 85 cm with no or one additional MetS criterion; and group B, subjects satisfying the criteria for a diagnosis of MetS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the components of MetS contributed significantly to serum levels of C-reactive protein. The odds ratios were 2.5 (group A) and 4.0 (group B), when 3 mg/L was adopted as the cutoff value of C-reactive protein.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1559-4564.2006.05706.x

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00004429580

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：KARGER  

Background: Perceived health or self-rated subjective health of the oldest inhabitants of Japan was studied to identify its associated impact on their lives. Objective: The health status of the aged was evaluated to elucidate the correlation between their health complaints and perceived health status as expressed on a comprehensive rating scale. Methods: A health questionnaire including the Todai Health Index (THI) was applied to 529 inhabitants of Central Japan, aged 85 years or older. THI is a symptom checklist composed of 130 questions. Twelve scale scores and two discriminant function values were calculated. Response rate was 99.8% (528/529). Other items included sex, age, prevalence of chronic disease and its treatment, marital status, academic career, and friendship. A question 'How is your health?' with five ordinal response options was used to assess perceived health. Results: The mean values of THI scale scores of lie and aggression of poor (poor or extremely poor) perceived health were significantly lower than those of good (extremely good or good) perceived health. The mean values of other THI scale scores of poor perceived health except impulsiveness and nervousness in male subjects were significantly higher than those of good perceived health. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between perceived health score and THI scale scores were all statistically significant. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors predicting perceived health. THI scale scores of physical symptoms, depressive state, and irregular daily life were significant. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in parentheses on each factor were 1.15 (1.07-1.23), 1.14 (1.02-1.30), and 1.15 (1.02-1.30), respectively. Conclusions: Poor perceived health was significantly associated with irregular lifestyle, physical and mental complaints. Perceived health reflects the health status of the oldest inhabitants of Japan. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

DOI： 10.1159/000093658

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: Increased arterial stiffness has been shown to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it remains unclear as to whether the second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram (SDPTG), a non-invasive method for the assessment of arterial stiffness, is useful for the estimation of risk of CHD in the general population. Methods and Results: The SDPTG in 211 subjects (age: 63±15 years, range: 21-91 years, 93 males) was recorded without apparent atherosclerotic disorders from a community. The relationship between the SDPTG indices (b/a and d/a) and coronary risk factors (n=211) or the Framingham risk score (n=158, age: 60±12 years, range: 30-74 years, 63 males) were analyzed. The SDPTG indices significantly correlated with the Framingham risk score in both genders (b/a
rmale=0.43, r female=0.54 and d/a
rmale=-0.38, rfemale=-0. 58), as well as several coronary risk factors. In the receiver operating characteristics curve analyses, the b/a discriminated high-risk subjects for CHD, who were in the highest quintile of the Framingham risk score in each gender, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 and 0.58 in males and 0.83 and 0.72 in females, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that the SDPTG is useful for the estimation of risk of CHD in the general population.

DOI： 10.1253/circj.70.304

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

A novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) to hippuric acid (HA) was prepared using an HA analog, N-alpha-benzoyl-lysine, as an immunogen. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HA was established using the anti-HA MAb named HA01BL. When the specificity of the MAb was analyzed by the ELISA system, the MAb was revealed to be less reactive to methylhippuric acids and to be more specific to HA than previously reported polyclonal antibodies. The detection limit of HA by the ELISA was approximately 1 mu g/mL. The urinary HA concentration determined by the ELISA system correlated well with that obtained by high performance liquid chromatography.

DOI： 10.1080/15321810600734901

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Natural killer (NK), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells kill target cells by the directed release of cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes and granulysin. We previously have found that dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP), an organophosphorus pesticide significantly inhibited NK, LAK and CTL activities via the inhibition of granzyme activity. To further explore the mechanism of organophosphorus pesticide-induced inhibition of cell-mediated cytolysis, we asked here whether organophosphorus pesticides affect the expression of perforin, granzyme and granulysin in NK cells. We used NK-92CI cell, an interleukin-2 (IL-2) independent human NK cell line. We confirmed that NK-92CI cells express CD56 surface marker, perform, granzyme A and granulysin by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscope, and that it is highly cytotoxic to K562 cells in chromium release assay. We found that DDVP significantly decreases the expression of perform, granzyme A and granulysin in NK-92CI cells in a dose-dependent manner. Immunocytochemical results showed that DDVP significantly decreases perforin, granzyme A and granulysin positive granules in NK-92CI cell, which may be due to the degranulation. We also found that DDVP have a modest, but a significant inhibitory effect on the transcription of mRNA of perform, granzyme A and granulysin. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tox.2005.05.018

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS  

Self-report data were compared with actual recorded data on height, weight, and blood pressure during health examinations to check for validity. The subjects were 1,823 persons, ages 40-68 years. Pearson correlations for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, height, weight, and Body Mass Index between data reported in 1993 and measurements made in 1991 were.63,.60,.96,.96, and .92, respectively. Pearson correlations for the same variables between the data reported in 1993 and the measurements made in 1992 were.73,.67,.97,.97, and .94, respectively. Self-reported values for height, weight, and Body Mass Index appear to be valid over 2 years or so.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS  

More than 5,000 passengers on Tokyo subway trains were injured with toxic chemicals including the nerve gas "sarin" on March 20, 1995. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of satin exposure on insomnia in a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire concerning sleep-related items was distributed to victims of sarin exposure in October and November, 2003. Questionnaires were completed by 161 of the 163 participants (98.8%), who were selected from 1,500 subjects. Among them, the authors selected 75 women 30 to 69 years of age. Control participants were collected from inhabitants living in Maebachi City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. For the younger exposed group (under 50 yr. of age), percentages of poor sleep, difficulty falling asleep, intermittent awakening, early morning awakening, a feeling of light overnight sleep, and insomnia were significantly higher than those for the control group. In contrast, the older exposed group (ages 50 to 69 years) had significantly higher prevalence of poor sleep, a feeling of light overnight sleep, and early morning awakening for the exposed group when compared with the control group. The high prevalence of insomnia and insomnia-related factors for victims especially under 50 years of age suggests a need for research on sleep quality after satin exposure. Although posttraumatic stress disorder is assumed to be a psychological effect of exposure to a toxic substance, a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established.

DOI： 10.2466/pms.100.3c.1121-1126

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to check a simple sampling and easy gas analysis of tobacco smoke for effective tobacco intervention in medical education. METHODS: The mainstream of tobacco smoke was sampled by a syringe (50 ml) at five, ten and twenty seconds. The extracted mainstream was moved to a commercial PET bottle (2000 ml), and measured with gas detector tubes. The sidestream, which rises from the tip of the cigarette, was collected into a commercial PET bottle for a duration of 30 or 60 seconds. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) in the tobacco smoke were measured. Then, these gasses in the tobacco smoke of four brands of cigarettes were compared. This trial was conducted in third-year medical students, and the changes in attitudes to smokers and tobacco itself were investigated. RESULTS: The method of sampling 50 ml for 5 seconds produced the highest concentration of each gas in the mainstream. The gas concentration in the sidestream increased as the sampling time increased. The gas concentration in mainstream of &quot;Lucia&quot; was the highest of the used four brands, and the gas concentrations in the sidestream of &quot;Mild Seven Prime&quot; were higher than those of the other brands. Many medical students obtained knowledge about the toxicity of smoking by this experiment study. CONCLUSION: We studied a simple sampling method of tobacco smoke, and gas analysis with gas detector tubes. This method is recommended for tobacco education and intervention in medical education.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.60.355

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY  

Grarmlysin, a 9-kDa protein localized in human cytollytic T lymphoctyes and natural killer cell granules, is cytollytic against tumors and microbes but not against red blood cells. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the central region of granulysin recapitulate the lytic activity of the intact molecule, and some peptides cause hemolysis of red blood cells. Peptides in which cysteine residues were replaced by serine maintain their activity against microbes but lose activity against human cells, suggesting their potential as antibiotics. Studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism of resistance of red blood cells to granulysin and sensitivity to a subset of granulysin-derived peptides. Granulysin lyses immature reticulocytes, which have mitochondria, but not red blood cells. Granulysin lyses U937 cells but not U937 cells lacking mitochondrial DNA and a functional respiratory chain (U937rhodegrees cells), further demonstrating the requirement of intact mitochondria for granulysin-mediated death. Peptide G8, which corresponds to helix 2/loop 2/helix 3, lyses red blood cells, while peptide G9, which is identical except that the cysteine residues were replaced by serine, does not lyse red blood cells. Granulysin peptide-induced hemolysis is markedly inhibited by an anion transporter inhibitor and by Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channel blockers but not by Na+/K+ pump, cotransport, or Cl- channel blockers. Although recombinant granulysin and G9 peptide do not induce hemolysis, they both competitively inhibit G8-induced hemollysis. The finding that some derivatives of granulysin are hemolytic may have important implications for the design of granulysin-based antimicrobial therapeutics.

DOI： 10.1128/AAC.49.1.388-397.2005

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00003804039

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00003804040

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

To clarify the relationship between traffic noise and insomnia, the authors conducted a survey and measured the actual sound level of noise in an urban area. Questionnaires were distributed to adult women who lived within 150 m from two major roads and were completed by 648 of the 1286 subjects (50.4%). The area was divided into three zones according to distance from the road (more than 50, 20-50 and 0-19.9 m). Fifty-seven subjects (8.8%) were classified as having insomnia. Average values of sound level at distances of 20, 50, and 100 m from the major road were L-eq 64.7, 57.1, and 51.8 dBA, respectively. Overall, there were no significant differences among the three zones in the prevalence of insomnia and no association between distance from the road and insomnia. However, the result from a sub-data set of the subjects who lived in the areas that showed decreasing noise level as the distance from the main road increased showed that distance from the road was associated with insomnia. This study suggests that researchers should consider the actual traffic situation and its sound level in epiderniological studies about the effects of traffic noise on insomnia. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.03.016

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

We previously reported that the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) among victims of the Tokyo subway satin disaster was significantly higher than that of controls 2-3 months after the disaster. It has been reported that the victims were also exposed to the by-products generated during sarin synthesis, i.e., diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), diethyl methylphosphonate (DEMP) and NN-diethylaniline (DEA) during the disaster and we previously found that DIMP, DEMP and DEA induced a significant SCE increase in human lymphocytes in vitro. To monitor the genetic aftereffects of the sarin exposure, SCEs of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured in fire fighters and police officers involved in the disaster 3 years after the event. We found that the frequency of SCEs was still significantly higher in the exposed subjects than the controls, suggesting a risk of the genetic aftereffects of the sarin exposure. We further found a significant positive correlation between the frequency of SCEs and the inhibition of serum cholinesterase activity in the exposed subjects, suggesting that the elevated frequency of SCEs is related to the sarin exposure. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in natural killer activity between the exposed and the controls. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tox.2004.04.014

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Background: To identify the effect of certain factors on insomnia in the general population.
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted among 648 Japanese women living in the residential area of a city. Age of participants ranged from 20 to 80 s.
Results: The crude prevalence of insomnia was 8.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with control for many confounding variables revealed that experiencing a major life event (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.7-11.4, P &lt; 0.01), depressive state (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.3, P &lt; 0.01), and 'relatively poor or poor' self-rated health (OR = 3.2, 95% Cl = 1.0 - 10.1, P &lt; 0.05) were risk factors for insomnia. By contrast, there was no dose-response relationship between the distance of our subjects from a major road and prevalence of insomnia.
Conclusions: The authors assume that depressive state by a major life event is closely associated with insomnia and that relatively poor self-rated health is also associated with stressful event and psychological distress. Although the noise from vehicles such as cars or motorcycles can affect the quality of sleep for subjects who live near a major road, in general the prevalence of insomnia did not increase significantly in this study. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S1389-9457(03)00109-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: To determine the relationship between sleep onset time and age in rotating shift workers. Methods: Sleep diaries were used to record the sleeping onset time in rotating shift workers. Work shifts were rotated on a weekly basis and fell into three periods: morning (06:00-14:00 h), evening (14:00-22:00 h), and night (22:00-06:00 h). Work shifts were rotated in the following order: night, evening, and morning. One working week consisted of 5 days. The mean age of the male shift workers was 40.3 years. Results: A significantly earlier sleep onset time was observed in older workers working morning and evening shifts (r = -0.42 and r = -0.66, respectively), but not when working night shifts (r = -0.10). Regardless of age, night-shift workers usually go to sleep after their shift ends at 06:00 h. After the evening shift ends at 22:00 h, older workers tend to go to sleep earlier than younger workers. Conclusions: Sleep onset time becomes earlier with age in morning- and evening-shift workers. The morning shift starts very early, at 06:00 h, so workers must go to sleep very early to obtain an adequate amount of sleep. Older workers may go to sleep earlier because of physiological (circadian) and/or social factors associated with shift work. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S1389-9457(02)00074-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA  

The sleep hours of male workers on rotating shift schedules were measured using a sleep diary. The mean age of workers was 40.3 years. Work shifts were rotated on a weekly basis and fell into three periods: morning, evening, and night. One working week consisted of 5 days. Errors that occurred during the work were also evaluated. A significant difference in the mean length of sleep was observed for each of the three shifts. Compared with the morning shift, the length of sleep for workers working evening and night shifts were significantly longer. The error of workers was not recognized in three rotating shift schedules in the survey period. Rotating shiftwork affects the amount of sleep, but not the event of error.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The habituation of sleep to road traffic noise was investigated. Habituation of sleep is improvement of sleep quality. Nine male students aged 19-21 were exposed to tape-recorded road traffic noise of L-eq 49.6 dB(A) in an experimental bedroom. Among 17 nights, the first four and the last three nights were non-exposure nights and the other consecutive 10 were exposure nights, The polygraphic sleep parameters were: sleep stages S1, S2, S(3 + 4), rapid eye movements (REM), and so on. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by five scales of a self-rating sleep questionnaire named the OSA, sleepiness (F1), sleep maintenance (F2), worry (F3), integrated sleep feeling (F4), and sleep initiation (F5). In this experiment, the habituation of sleep to road traffic noise was observed clearly in all of the subjective sleep parameters of the OSA, though all of the polygraphic sleep parameters showed little or no evidence of habituation. This suggests that habituation to noise has two aspects, sensation and perception mechanisms, corresponding to sleep polygraphy and to questionnaire respectively. (C) 2002 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.2001.3901

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

This study was designed to assess the effects of road traffic noise and frogs' croaking on the objective and subjective quality of sleep in a laboratory. The subjects were seven male students aged 19-21 years. They were exposed to recorded road traffic noise and frogs' croaking, with 49.6 and 49.5 dB(A) L-Aeq, and 71.2 and 56.1 dB(A) L-Amax, respectively. The background noise in the experimental room was 31.0 dB(A) L-Aeq. The sleep EEG was recorded according to standard methods. The sleep polygraphic parameters examined were the percentage of sleep stage relative to the total sleep time (%S1, %S2, %S(3 + 4), %SREM, %MT), total sleep time, sleep onset latency, and awakening during sleep in minutes and sleep efficiency. A structured sleep rating questionnaire (OSA), was administered to the subjects after they awakened. The %S2 increased and the %SREM decreased during exposure to road traffic noise. However, no significant effect of exposure to frogs' croaking was observed on any of the polygraphic sleep parameters. The subjective quality of sleep was degraded more by exposure to road traffic noise than that to frogs' croaking. (C) 2002 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.2001.3902

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Habituation of sleep to a ship's noise was assessed by actigraphy and a sleep questionnaire. Four male students aged 21-24 years were studied for 15 consecutive nights in an experimental bedroom. During the first four nights, the subjects slept in a quiet environment. For the next eight consecutive nights, the subjects were exposed to the noise of a ship's engine with a sound level of 60 dB(A) (the International Maritime Organization Standard) previously tape-recorded in a room of a diesel engine ship. On the last three experimental nights, the subjects again slept in a quiet environment. The subjects went to bed in the experimental room at about 0:00 and were woken at 8:00 a.m. the next morning by an alarm clock. Sleep was monitored by a wrist-worn actigraphy. On the morning following each experimental night, the subjects were instructed to answer the OSA questionnaire, a structured self-rating sleep scale developed in Japan. Habituation of sleep to the noise of a ship with a sound level of 60 dB(A) was observed to some extent in the subjective sleep parameters but not in the sleep parameters measured by actigraphy. (C) 2002 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.2001.3900

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The authors conducted sleep time monitoring using an activity-detecting device on a married couple. The subjects were a 39-year-old man and a 36-year-old woman. They were continuously monitored for 1 year or a half-year from 1998 to 1999. Their daily activities were not limited. The male works in an office 5 days a week and stays at home on weekends. The female is a farmer and works in the field when the weather is clear. They usually went to bed at 10-11 p.m. and got up around 6 a.m. the next morning on weekdays. The activity-monitoring device, Actiwatch(R), was installed on the wrists of their non-dominant arms. The number of body movements was calculated by the summation of the active electricity number. There was no significant monthly difference in the mean nightly total sleep time (TST) by analysis of variance in either the husband or the wife. When nocturnal and diurnal sleep were combined for the analysis, the mean value in April or May, 1999, was significantly larger than the values in July, August, December or October, although only in the husband. The sleep time for Saturday or Sunday was significantly extended as compared to that of a weekday. Power spectrum analysis showed the TST cycle to predominate on all 7 days in the week in both subjects. (C) 2002 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.2001.3904

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD  

The habituation of human sleep to a noisy environment was investigated by polysomnography (PSC), a wrist activity device (Actiwatch (R)), subjective evaluation and a performance test on the following morning. Eleven young male students slept for 17 nights in a sleep laboratory. PSG on the first, fourth, fifth, ninth, 14th, and 17th nights was judged visually. Four of the subjects were continuously monitored by the wrist activity device. From the fifth to 14th nights, there was exposure to road traffic noise all-night long, and consecutive experiments were conducted from the fifth to 17th nights. Agreement of sleep/wake assessment for Actiwatch (R) and PSG was 88.4%, on average, based on the data for 24 nights. Pearson's correlation coefficient of TST for Actiwatch (R) and sleep PSG was 0.848. Habituation to noise by wrist movement, sleep latency by PSG, and activity of mental muscles was not recognized. The association between wrist activity and mental muscle activity was significant for three subjects out of four (r = 0.56, 0.81, 0.71, respectively). Percentages of positive wrist movement in each sleep stage, such as the 3 + 4 stages, REM stage and stage MT, were compared with those in other stages. Wrist activity in Stage REM was significantly more frequent than that in other stages for the three subjects. Wrist movement in Stage MT was significantly more frequent than in other stages for the three subjects. REM latency, REM cycle, and five factors of subjective sleep, from the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi questionnaire (SQ), showed significant differences by analysis of variance for repeated measurements. When change from the 4th night was checked, sleepiness, worry, integrated sleep feeling and sleep initiation by SQ showed habituation of sleep to noise. Namely, sleep quality recovered to he level on a silent night by the fifth noisy night during the experiment. There is thus a habituation of sleep to noise when a subjective evaluation of sleep, such as the SQ, is used. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.2000.3344

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

Habituation of Sleep to Road Traffic Noise Assessed by Polygraphy and Rating Scale: Peng XIN, et al. Department of Public Health, Gunma University School of Medicine - The effects of road traffic noise on sleep and habituation of sleep to road traffic noise were assessed by polygraphic sleep parameters and self-rated sleep scores. Seven male students aged 19 to 21 were tested each for a total of 17 nights by being exposed all night to recordings of road traffic noise with peak levels of Lmax=71.2 dB(A), Lqe=49.6 dB(A) and LAE=94.1 dB(A) in an experiment room. Sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry and integrated sleep feeling, which are subjective assessments, became worse and reaction time after sleep increased due to exposure to the noise. A significant increase in %Stage 1 and a decrease in %REM were observed, suggesting the road traffic noise had an effect on sleep. Habituation to road traffic noise during sleep was observed clearly in subjective sleep scores, but the polygraphic parameters showed little habituation to the noise with considerable individual variation.

DOI： 10.1539/joh.42.20

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00002552405

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00002552428

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology  

The concentrations of sodium and potassium in udon (traditional Japanese noodle) soup were assessed to clarify the geographical differences, since, according to annual report of the National Nutrition Survey, Japan, the mean daily salt intake has been high in Tohoku and Kanto chihos or provinces and in prefectures along the Japan Sea. Six hundred and forty noodle (359 kake-udon and 281 zaru-udon) soup samples were collected from udon and/or soba restaurants located in 198 cities or towns in 45 kens (prefectures) except for Hokkaido and Okinawa in Japan. The mean sodium concentrations of kake-udon soup samples was the highest in Shimane, Ishikawa, and Niigata kens, and the lowest in Hyogo, Osaka and Shiga kens. Using the classification by the National Nutrition Survey, the samples from both Kinki I chiho (Kyoto, Osaka and Hyogo kens) and Kinki II chiho (Nara, Wakayama and Shiga kens) had significantly lower sodium con-centration than those from Hokuriku, Chugoku and South Kanto chihos; the samples from Kinki I chiho had significantly lower sodium concentration than those from Tohoku and North Kanto. The mean sodium concentration of kake-udon soup samples from the areas along Seto-naikai (Okayama, Hiroshima, and south Yamaguchi kens) of Chugoku chiho was significantly lower than that from the areas along Japan Sea (Tottori, Shimane, and north Yamaguchi kens). The mean sodium concentration of kake-udon soup samples from West Japan was significantly lower than that from East Japan. The mean sodium concentration of zaru-udon soup samples from Kinki chiho (Kinki I and Kinki II) was significantly lower than that of the samples from the other eight chihos. In contrast, the potassium concentrations of kake- and zaru-udon soup samples showed no significant difference. In short, the mean sodium concentrations of kake-udon soup samples were the lowest in Kinki chiho, the next lowest in areas along the Seto-naikai of Chugoku chiho, Shikoku ana Kyushu chihos, and the highest in Kanto, Hokuriku and Tohoku chihos. The mean sodium concentration of zaru-udon soup was also the lowest in Kinki chiho, with smaller regional differences. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.676) was found between the mean sodium concentration of kake-udon soup samples and that of zaru-udon soup samples from 10 chihos. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.620) was observed between the mean sodium concentration of kake-udon soups and the mean daily salt intake estimated by the National Nutrition Survey in Japan across 11 chihos. It was shown that the habit of seasoning could determine the regional difference of daily salt intake, reflecting the local populations' preference for salty taste.

DOI： 10.3861/jshhe.65.92

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Several experiments conducted by the authors revealed certain characteristic changes in stage rapid-eye-movement sleep in response to noise exposure. Continuous and all-night exposure to noise first decreased the percentage of rapid-eye-movement stage at Leg 45dBA. In contrast, the threshold of shifts from the rapid-eye-movement stage in response to intermittent noise was higher than thresholds noted for slow-wave sleep or stage-2 sleep. We concluded that these results indicated that a silent environment is required to maintain the duration of rapid-eye-movement sleep, even though rapid-eye-movement sleep is stable and is not influenced easily by noise. © 1999 Taylor &amp
Francis Group, LLC.

DOI： 10.1080/00039899909602497

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00001990663

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD  

Habituation of sleep to a noisy environment was investigated by self-rated sleep scores, polygraphic sleep parameters, and a performance test on the following morning. The self-rated sleep questionnaire, OSA, includes five factors of subjective sleep quality: sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry, integrated sleep feeling and sleep initiation. The polygraphic sleep parameters were six sleep stages in minutes, sleep latency, REM latency, REM cycle, REM duration, frequency and duration in minutes of awakening during sleep, total sleep time? number of sleep stage shifts, sleep efficiency, number of sleep spindles and density. The differences between reaction times before sleep that night and the following morning were also examined. The subjects were twelve students aged 19 to 21 who were tested a total of 96 nights. Each subject slept in an experimental room and was exposed to recorded passing truck noise with peak levels of 45, 50, 55 and 60 dB(A) at intervals of 15 min. Significant changes were recognized in Stage 1, MT, frequency of awakening and number of sleep stage shifts. The authors speculate that the decrease in the shallow stage as noisy nights were repeated reflects habituation of night sleep to repeated passing truck noise, whose interval, duration and nature was constant. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.1997.1005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD  

This study was designed to assess the effects of daytime physical exercise on the quality of objective and subjective sleep by examining all-night sleep EEGs. The subjects were five male students, aged 19 to 20 years, who were in the habit of performing regular daytime exercise. The sleep polygraphic parameters in this study were sleep stage time as a percentage of total sleep time (%S1, %S2, %S(3 + 4), %SREM, %MT), time in bed (TIB), sleep time (ST), total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), waking from sleep, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, number of stage shifts, number of spindles, and percentages of alpha and delta waves, all of which were determined by an automatic computer analysis system. The OSA questionnaire was used to investigate subjective sleep. The five scales of the OSA used were sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry, integrated sleep feeling, and sleep initiation. Each sleep parameter was compared in the exercise and the non-exercise groups. Two-way analysis of variance was applied using subject factor and exercise factor. The main effect of the subject was significant in all parameters and the main effect of exercise in %S(3 + 4), SOL and sleep efficiency, among the objective sleep parameters. The main effects of the subject, except sleepiness, were significant, as was the main effect of exercise on sleep initiation, among the subjective sleep parameters. These findings suggest that daytime exercise shortened sleep latency and prolonged slow-wave sleep, and that the subjects fell asleep more easily on exercise days. There were also significant individual differences in both the objective and subjective sleep parameters. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.1997.1004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD  

Twelve subjects were each exposed to the noise of passing trucks at peak levels of 45, 50, 55 and 60 dB(A) for 15 min intervals throughout the night each for seven to 12 nights. Effects of the noise were observed by sleep electroencephalograpy (EEG). Three EEG parameters were affected by the noise event during stage 2. The number of spindles per epoch was depressed on average from 1.78 to 1.02 spindles per epoch or to 57% by the noise event of 60 dB(A), which lasted for only one minute. The threshold level for inducing the decrease was 32 dB(A), as assessed by a regression equation. Time % delta wave was depressed for six minutes, with a threshold level of 41 dB(A). The integral EMG increased in response to the noise event for one minute, and the threshold level for the integral EMG was 34 dB(A). (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.1997.1006

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD  

The effects of a steady sound level of 65 dB(A) from a diesel ship engine on nocturnal sleep were studied using polygraphic and subjective sleep parameters. Three healthy men, aged 29 to 33 years, participated in the experiment. Sleep polygrams and the sound level in a sleep laboratory were recorded for each subject for five exposure nights and five control nights. The following morning, the subjects answered a self-rating sleep questionnaire (called the OSA) and underwent simple reaction time tests. The percentage of S2, SREM latency and the REM interval increased, while %SREM decreased during the noise-exposed nights as compared with corresponding values on the control nights. Other parameters of sleep EEG were unchanged. Five scale scores for OSA, sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry, integrated sleep feeling and sleep initiation deteriorated significantly on the noise-exposed nights as compared with the control nights. Canonical discriminant analysis was conducted using 19 sleep parameters. The standard partial regression coefficients of %SREM, %S2 and %S1 were somewhat higher than other parameters. It was suggested that exposure to the 65 dB(A) ship noise exerted adverse effects on nocturnal sleep, subjectively and in part polygraphically (REM sleep and shallow sleep). (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

DOI： 10.1006/jsvi.1997.1007

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.37.6_419

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1996150107

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS  

The transient effects of passing truck noise on sleep polygraphs of 8 men were studied. The percentage of the sleep Stage 2 which changed from Stage 2 to Stage 1, waking or movement time, was calculated. The shallowing of REM sleep was identified when it had changed to other stages, and the shallow epoch percentage was calculated for the REM sleep. The percentage of shallow epochs for Stage 2 significantly increased against that of the control condition after exposure to noise but was not statistically significant for Stage REM. In conclusion, the shallowing or changes in the sleep Stage 2 or REM sleep with the passing truck noise might be observed al noise levels of less than 45 dBA or greater than 60 dBA, respectively.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology  

Subjective symptoms and personality of 3, 447 male workers in a dairy product company were assessed by a health questionnaire, the Todai Health Index (THI). Thirty-three branches of the company were distributed from Hokkaido to Kyusyu, Japan. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 59 years. "MP counselor" was applied, which is a registered trademark of THI. Their job was classified into three: production process work (group A), clerical or technical work (group B), and sales work (group C). Technical workers of Group B were mainly the heads of group A. Over the half of group C workers were engaged in transportation work and the rest of them are sales workers. According to the job analysis, group A workers are blue-collars, group B workers are white-collars, and group C workers are blue- and white-collars. Mean value of aggressive scale in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and (or) B in every age class. Except the subjects under thirty years old, mean value of scale score of irregularity of life of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and (or) B. Except in their thirties, mean value of discriminant function value of psychosomatic disease of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and (or) B. Other mean values of scale scores, which were significantly higher in group C than those in group A and (or) B, were mouth and anus under thirty years old, subjective symptoms, respiration, and eye in their forties and fifties, skin and digestion in their fifties. All of these scales are related to physical complaints. These results indicate that sales workers should be marked as a group which needs daily life management and health care on their specified physical and mental complaints.

DOI： 10.3861/jshhe.61.25

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00081155286?from=CiNii

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The Relationship between Being Satisfied with One's Health, Good Health Practices and Personal Symptoms of III Health: Tomoyuki Kawada, et al. Department of Public Health. Gunma University School of Medicine—The focus of this study was satisfaction with health and its relationship to good health practices, symptoms and current use of medication. A self-administered questionnaire was circulated to employees of a railroad company. 3, 639 males aged 18 to 54 (41.4±7.61) were selected. Seven good health practices each scored 1 were not smoking including quitting, not drinking or drinking less than six days a week, exercise more than two days per week, body mass index (BMI) being 20 to 28, total nightly sleeping time between six and nine hours, having breakfast everyday, and not eating between meals. Each score was summed up as health practice index (HPI). We also asked about health satisfaction for the past year, subjective symptoms over the last two to three months, and present medication history. HPI increased significantly in the group aged 45 to 54, this group being satisfied with their health. A decrease in the percentage of eating between meals in the under 35 group, inappropriate BMI in the 45 to 54 group, and regular exercise in the group aged 50 or older was recognized. Health satisfaction was predicted using symptoms, present medication, age and health practice. Standardized discriminant coefficients of symptoms and present medication were 0.672 and 0.610, and they were more associated to health satisfaction than health practice. y Occup Health 1995
37: 161-163). © 1995, Japan Society for Occupational Health. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.37.3_161

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

Breslowの7つの健康に関連する好ましい行動あるいは状態として,喫煙しない・ほどほどの飲酒・定期的運動・適正体重の維持・適度な睡眠時間・朝食の摂取・間食しない,が挙げられ,これら7項目を守ることの重要性は西洋諸国で広く認められ,またそれらに対する保健対策も計画実施されつつある.これらの提言は,米合衆国で行われたコホート調査を基に策定されたものであるが,もともと死亡や疾病発症に対する危険度に関しての結果であるため,予防医学あるいは健康増進の視点から,身体的精神的不具合の主観的愁訴と健康習慣との関連性については十分な検討がなされているとは言えない.著者らは東大式健康調査票(THI)の130項目の質問中に, Breslowの7つの健康習慣が含まれていることを確認し,しかも本調査票が近年広く国内で使用されていることを踏まえて,主観的精神身体愁訴への良い健康習慣の影響を断面調査として実施した.<br>対象は東京都北区の某製造会社の男子工員および事務員とその妻各115人で,夫婦共に回答した各95人(80.5%)を解析対象者とした.夫妻に別居者はなく,居住地は北区,川口市,越谷市等である.自記式健康調査票THIは,心身の主観的健康度を12の尺度とそこから計算される心身症および神経症判別値で数量的に把握できる三択式(はい・ときどき・いいえ)質問紙である. Breslowの健康習慣がTHI質問項目に含まれているので,心身症と神経症の判別値に健康習慣に対する回答結果が影響を与えるため,今回は12尺度について健康習慣との関連性を検討した.調査は1991年3～4月に実施し,個人結果は自宅に郵送した.なお,統計解析にはMann-Whitney U検定,共分散分析,および林の数量化I類を用いた.また,各健康習慣の有無については,定期性のある場合(はい)を習慣ありとし,それ以外は習慣のない者とした.<br>夫の平均年齢は41.5歳,妻のそれは38.4歳である. Breslowの7つの健康習慣の最頻値は,夫婦共に5個であるが,飲酒と喫煙習慣の違いから,妻の頻度が夫よりも高頻度方向に移動していた.<br>健康習慣の有無で2群に分けた場合,夫では喫煙しないほうが直情怪行性および生活不規則性の両尺度得点が低く,適度な睡眠時間の確保により多愁訴,呼吸器,および口腔肛門の各尺度得点が低く,間食しないほうが多愁訴および直情径行性の両尺度得点が低かった.妻では喫煙しないほうが生活不規則性尺度得点が低く,定期的運動が多愁訴,目と皮膚,および口腔肛門の各尺度得点を下げ,適正体重を維持するほうが呼吸器尺度得点は低く,間食しないほうが呼吸器および口腔肛門の両尺度得点は低下した. 7つの健康習慣のうち6つ以上に気をつけているものは3つ以下のものに比べて,夫では多愁訴と直情径行性,妻では呼吸器の各尺度得点が有意に小さかった.<br>林の数量化I類による健康習慣とTHI各尺度得点の関連性では,偏相関係数0.3以上の生活習慣は妻の多愁訴に及ぼす定期的運動のみであり,年齢は夫で虚構性と情緒不安定性両尺度得点に,妻で直情径行性尺度得点に関連が大きかった.<br>断面調査の結果であるため因果関係は確定できないが,健康習慣と自覚的健康との関連性には大きな性差があるものの,上記のような関連性を認めた.

DOI： 10.1539/joh1959.36.2_57

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract: Changes in the number of transient and all‐night sleep spindles by traffic noise of 55 to 65 dB(A) were studied. The sleep parameters were the number of spindles per minute in stages 2, 3, and 4 (S2, S3, S4) and the total number of spindles divided by the total sleep time. A transient decrease in the number of spindles was recognized and after noise exposure, the number of spindles increased to near the pre‐exposure level. Spindles were counted from S2, S3 and S4 for all‐night sleep. The number of spindles in all‐night sleep by noise exposure increased. The authors explain discrepancies in the results by a compensatory brain mechanism of sleep disturbance due to passing truck noise. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

DOI： 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1994.tb03025.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：FOLIA PUBL SOC  

The Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) was applied to workers of a railway company. A total of 1,784 night-shift workers responded to the questionnaire and 1,394 daytime workers were set as the control group. The average age of the subjects was 39.9. The SDS index decreased with age. A factor analysis was conducted and two factors were obtained having an initial eigenvalue over 2.0. Factor 1 was the group of 8 positive items, accounting for 18.2%. Factor 2 was the group of 8 depressive items, accounting for 18.1%. Four items including ''loss of weight,'' ''constipation,'' ''good appetite,'' and ''partner coping'' did not construct a distinct factor. The factor structure of SDS items of the night-shift workers was similar to those of the control group.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The effects of 60 dB (A) steady pink noise on sleep induction were studied. Two experiments were conducted. First, 10 night-sleep polygrams of a young male subject were recorded consecutively as controls. Five night polygrams of the same subject were then recorded with exposure to steady 60 dB (A) pink noise. Second, polygrams of four students were recorded using the same noise exposure as in the first experiment. Polygrams for the control night were also recorded. Noise exposure tended to shorten sleep latency, i.e., the values were 4.2 and 9.5 min in the first and second experiment, respectively. The steady 60 dB (A) noise made sleep induction easier. © 1993, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2486/indhealth.31.35

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract: The Zung self‐rating depression scale (SDS) was applied to workers of a railway company. A total of 1,784 night‐shift workers responded to the questionnaire and 1,394 daytime workers were set as the control group. The average age of the subjects was 39.9. The SDS index decreased with age. A factor analysis was conducted and two factors were obtained having an initial eigenvalue over 2.0. Factor 1 was the group of 8 positive items, accounting for 18.2%. Factor 2 was the group of 8 depressive items, accounting for 18.1%. Four items including “loss of weight,”“constipation,”“good appetite,” and “partner coping” did not construct a distinct factor. The factor structure of SDS items of the night‐shift workers was similar to those of the control group. Copyright © 1993, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

DOI： 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1993.tb02025.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1539/joh1959.35.38

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer-Verlag  

Urinary cadmium (Cd), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and creatinine levels were determined for 400 inhabitants living in Cd-polluted districts of Annaka City in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The Cd pollution was mainly due to falling dust from a zinc smelter factory according to seasonal winds. The Cd-polluted areas were divided into five administrative districts around the factory. The geometric mean of the urinary Cd level of the inhabitants in the five districts, Nodono, Iwai, Ooya, Nakajyuku, and Itahana, were 2.95, 2.66, 2.45, 1.97, and 1.67 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The geometric means for Nodono and Iwai are statistically larger than that for Itahana (P &lt
0.01). These results were well explained by the wind direction and proximity to the factory. In addition, a two-way analysis of variance on the urinary Cd level was made using place of residence and smoking habits. The effect was mainly due to the place of residence, and no interactions were found. There were statistically significant differences in NAG excretion among the five groups, but no difference could be found between two groups using a multiple comparison. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the logarithm of urinary Cd content and that of NAG was 0.203, but statistically significant (r = 0.462 without creatinine correction
P &lt
0.01). The present results indicate the association of urinary Cd and NAG levels in a Cd-exposed population whose geometric mean of urinary Cd content is about 2 μg/g creatinine. We recommend a continuous survey of the minimum health effects of the Cd pollution using urinary levels of Cd and protein including NAG. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.

DOI： 10.1007/BF00386343

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

騒音が睡眠に及ぼす影響を検討するために我々が開発した睡眠段階判定システムを用いて,連続的採取データおよび三つの間歇的な採取データによる各睡眠段階の割合をコンピュータ判定し,視察によるそれと比較した。さらに視察判定との一致率をデータ採取頻度との関連で検討した。既報の判定システム(日衛誌,43,1092-1101(1989))では毎分はじめの1/3(20秒)データの使用を基本としていたが,FIFOバッファーを用いたA/Dコンバーターにより連続的データ採取が可能となった。<br>心身ともに健常な20歳前半の学生6名について,各5夜合計30夜分のヒプノグラムが実験室で記録された。1エポック20秒として睡眠段階を判定した。各被験者5夜分のデータをそれぞれ1つに併せて,視察判定による睡眠段階と,1)連続的データ,2)1/3データ(毎分はじめの1エポック),3)1/9データ(3分に1エポック),4)1/15データ(5分に1エポック)との各睡眠段階の一致率を6人の対応のあるデータとして両側t検定したが,連続的データと比較して1/3データは視察判定との一致率に違いはなく,71.5∼80.5%であった。また,1/9データと視察判定との一致率は69.0∼77.4%,1/15データと視察判定との一致率は66.1∼75.3%で統計的有意差を認めた(各々P<0.05,P<0.01)。なお,カッパ統計値による一致度の検討でも同様の傾向を認めた。<br>次に視察判定による全睡眠時間(覚醒期および運動時間は除く)に対する各睡眠段階(1,2,3,4,REM)出現割合と,連続的,1/3,1/9,および1/15データのコンピュータ判定によるそれらとを6人の対応のあるデータとして比較した。その結果,視察判定による各睡眠段階出現割合は,連続的採取データおよび三つの間歇的な採取データのコンピュータ解析によるそれらと統計的有意差を認めなかった。<br>視察判定との睡眠段階の一致率の比較から,コンピュータ判定のためのデータは少なくとも全データの1/3は必要であると結論された。

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.47.826

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00079024952?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology  

Physical health levels of 95 married couples (group A), who live in the suburbs of big city, and 202 married couples (group B), who live in a local city of Kanto district, were measured using a health questionnaire, the Todai Health Index (THI). The male subject of both groups are workers of private company and the average age is early forties. This research was focused on the effect of smoking and place of residence on subjective complaints. Mean values of scale scores of couples' respiratory symptoms and husbands' digestive symptoms of group A were statistically higher than those of group B by the two-way analysis of variance. But no difference was recognized by the degree of smoking. Interactions existed on the effect of smoking and place of residence on the mean values of scale scores of wives' respiratory and digestive symptoms. These results indicate that respiratory symptoms and husbands' digestive symptoms increase by the modernization, but the effect of smoking habit on respiratory and digestive symptoms were relatively small.

DOI： 10.3861/jshhe.58.320

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00079290654?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology  

Physical and mental health level of 70 married couple, whose wives worked as volunteers of maternal and child health or diet improvement projects in a village of Gunma prefecture, was measured using a health questionnaire, the Todai Health Index (THI), consisting of 12 scales and 2 discriminant values. As controlled group, 68 men and 68 women randomly sampled from the neighboring village were set up. Mean values of scale scores of mental instability and depression of volunteer group were statistically smaller than those of control women, and that of aggressiveness of volunteer group was larger than that of control women. Scale scores of digestive organ and aggressiveness of husbands are higher than those of wives, and the reverse tendencies were found in the scores of mental instability and irregularity of life. Significant correlations were found between volunteers and their husbands in the scales: impulsiveness, lie scale, mental instability, depression, and irregularity of life, which were also found in the other married couples. These relation was not recognized in the control group. From these results, health level of wives who were volunteers of health promotion project of a village are mentally better or active compared with that of the control group, but there was little difference in the interaction of mental health between volunteer spouse and the other general one.

DOI： 10.3861/jshhe.58.5

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00078398726?from=CiNii

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) was applied to Japanese night shift workers of a railway company in order to assess the prevalence of depressive state and clarify the structural characteristics of the SDS questionnaire. Out of 2,394 employees, 1,931 male workers were engaged in night shift work and 1,274 men (66.0%) completely answered the questionnaire. The control group was selected from daytime workers. The average age of the subjects was 39.4. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the night shift workers was 0.835 and that of the control was 0.848. SDS index decreased with age. The mild, moderate, and severe depressive state of night shift workers evaluated by SDS were 13.7%, 2.1%, and 0.6%, respectively. A two-way analysis of variance on SDS index examined age and shift work. Age influenced SDS index, but there was no interaction between the factors. Two factors were extracted by factor analysis. Factor 1 consisted of 8 positive items, accounting for 16.7%. Factor 2 consisted of 8 depressive items, accounting for 15.6%. The residual four items consisted of somatic or behavioral features. Mean value of SDS index by age, distribution of SDS index, and factor structure of SDS questions of the night shift workers were similar to those of the control group. © 1992, Japan Society for Occupational Health. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1539/joh1959.34.131

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

The instantaneous effect of the sound of a passing truck on sleep of five male students, 23 to 25 years of age, was assessed. The peak levels of noise were adjusted to 55, 60, and 65dB (A) with intervals of 18 and 13 minutes, and a frequency of one per hour. Background noise in the experimental room was Leq 42dB (A). The sleep stage of each epoch was visually judged based on the criteria of Rechtschaffen & Kales. Data for pre-exposure epochs of sleep stage 2 and rapid eye movement (REM) were collected and 18 epochs, including two under noise exposure, were evaluated. Three sets of polygraphic data were sampled as controls from 10 minutes after 65dB (A) exposure to the next exposure.<br>Compared with the control, the percentage of stage 2 to shallower stages (stage 1, waking, or movement time (MT)) was significantly increased by exposure to 55, 60, and 65dB (A). The change lasted for one minute with exposure to 55dB (A), and 2 to 3 minutes with 60 and 65dB (A). A decrease in the percentage of stage 2 to deeper stages was observed at 2 to 4 minutes after exposure to 60 and 65dB (A). The percentage of stage 2 to MT increased at 60 and 65dB (A). The percentage of stage REM to other stages increased with the exposure to 60 or 65dB (A) within 4 minutes.<br>The threshold of instantaneous change of stage 2 to shallower stages due to the sound of a passing truck was at the peak level at less than 55dB (A), and that of stage REM to other stages at 55 to 60dB (A).

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.47.952

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

The effect of traffic noise on sleep was evaluated in an experimental room using repeated recorded truck-passing sounds. The peak sound level was 55, 60 or 65 dB (A) with frequencies of three times per hour. The background noise of the exposure night was Leq 42 dB (A) and that of the control night was Leq 35 dB (A). The subjects were five students 23 to 24 years old. The sleep stage of each epoch with a 20-second duration was judged visually based on the criteria of Rechtschaffen & Kales and the data of the second night of noise-exposure and the control night were used. The sleep parameters used were total sleep time (TST), each sleep stage, % of sleep stage against TST, sleep efficiencies, sleep latency, REM latency, REM cycle, REM duration, waking from sleep, number of stage shifts, and subjective sleep judged by the OSA sleep inventory. A paired t test was used for the statistical analysis.<br>TST, REM stage in minutes, and % of REM stage against TST of the exposure night were significantly decreased compared with those of the control night. Other objective and subjective parameters showed no changes during noise exposure. Dividing the all-night into halves, the amount and % of each sleep stage were compared between the exposure and control night. There was no change of sleep stage in the former half, but the % and amount of REM sleep in the latter half were significantly decreased as a result of the noise exposure.<br>The decreases of REM sleep and % REM against TST, especially in the latter half of all-night sleep, were caused by the intermittent truck-passing sounds 20 to 30 times per night.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.47.715

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00078838970?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology  

The effect of married life on the health of the spouse was studied utilizing the Todai Health Index (THI) questionnaire, on 550 couples residing in an administrative district of Maebashi city, Gunma prefecture. The age of the wife of couples was 25 to 74 years, and the response rate of the complete survey was 75%. For 130 items relating to somatic symptoms and psychological complaints, 14 scales were derived as follows; SUSY: subjective symptoms, RESP: respiratory organs, EYSK: eye and skin, MOUT: mouth and anus, DIGE: digestive organ, IMPU: impulsiveness, LISC: lying scale, MENT: mental instability, DEPR: depression, AGGR: aggressiveness, NERV: nervousness, LIFE: irregularity of life, PSD: tendency for psychosomatic disease, and NEURO: tendency forneurosis. The 550 couples were divided into three groups by age of wife: young, middle aged (fifties), and old (65 years old or more). Scale scores of SUSY, IMPU, LISC, MENT, DEPR, AGGR, LIFE, PSD, and NEURO had significant correlations between husband and wife of the younger group. For middle aged couples, husband-wife correlations were found for SUSY, EYSK, MOUT, DIGE, IMPU, MENT, DEPR, LIFE, PSD, and NEURO; and for old couples SUSY, DIGE, and DEPR. Since little correlation was observed between scale scores of randomly matched men and women pairs, married life appears to demonstrate certain health interactions on spouses, which differ by age, being mainly psychological effects in the younger aged couples, psychosomatic in middle aged, and weak physical in the older aged group.

DOI： 10.3861/jshhe.57.162

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00077952790?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

DOI： 10.1539/joh1959.33.262

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology  

In order to know the interaction of physical symptom and psychological health of daughter-in-law and those of mother-in-law living together in the same household, an attempt was made to apply a self-administered health questionnaire, the Todai Health Index (THI), to 36 daughters-in-law, who have twenty to twenty five-year-old daughters, and the paired mothers-in-law. Two female control groups were sampled of the same generation of mother-in-law (control A) and daughter-in-law (control B), who live in the suburbs of three big cities. Twelve scales and two discriminant function values (DF values) of THI are as follows: SUSY, subjective symptoms; RESP, respiratory; EYSK, eye and skin; MOUT, mouth and anus; DICE, digestion; IMPU, impulsiveness; LISC, lie; MENT, mental instability; DEPR, depression; AGGR, aggressiveness; NERV, nervousness; LIFE, irregularity of life; PSD, psychosomatic; NEURO, neurosis. The mean scores of SUSY, RESP, EYSK, DEPR, PSD and NEURO of daughter-in-law are significantly lower than those of mother-in-law, which are mainly on the decrease of those in daughter-in-law, and AGGR of daughter-in-law is significantly higher than that of mother-in-law. There are significant correlations of IMPU, DEPR, NERV, PSD and NEURO, which are on the psychological scales, between daughter-in-law and mother-inlaw. While there are no significant correlations of twelve scales and two DF values between control A and B. For daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, living together in the same household for a few decades gives a better influence on the health of the both.

DOI： 10.3861/jshhe.56.9

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00076362170?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

One healthy twenty-eight-year old man was exposed allnight to intermittent, rectangular pink noise of 5 and 10 seconds' duration 9 times per hour. The peak levels prepared were 40, 50 and 60dB (A). One level of the noise was exposed throughout a single night. Ten non-exposed control nights were also prepared. The sleep electroencephalogram was analysed by a microcomputer system of the authors' devising.<BR>Increases of sleep latency and stage W, and decreases of the REM stage and mean sleep depth, especially in the early sleep hours, were confirmed in the sleep polygraph of the 60dB (A) exposure but not in that of the control, 40, and 50dB (A) exposures. It was concluded from these results that the intermittent 60dB (A) pink noise exposure clearly disturbed sleep, and that the threshold of the effect shou

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.43.1109

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00173475636?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

騒音レベルと睡眠パラメータの量-影響関係を評価・検討した。曝露音は40, 50, 60dB(A)の定常ピンクノイズ終夜曝露および非曝露(対照夜)で,それぞれ4～5夜(対照は10夜)測定した。指標とした睡眠パラメータは,睡眠深度のステージW (waking), 1, 2, 3,4, REM(レム睡眠),MT(運動時間)の出現率,睡眠ステージを数量化して求めた平均睡眠深度,睡眠深度の時間に対する回帰式の勾配とy切片,入眠潜時,一時間当りの睡眠段階移行回数および主観的睡眠感である。各睡眠パラメータの抽出には,我々が新たに開発したマイクロコンピュータによる睡眠ポリグラフィー分析システムを用いた。<BR>その結果,60dB(A)曝露時のステージ2期出現率は,対照夜,40および50dB(A)に比べて有意に高く,60d(A)曝露時のステージREM期出現率は,対照夜および40dB(A)に比べて有意に低く,60dB(A)曝露時の平均睡眠深度は対照夜および40dB(A)に比べて有意に大きかった。また,アンケートによる主観的睡眠感は60dB(A)で妨害されなかった。なお,対照夜のステージ3期出現率は40および50dB(A)に比べて有意に小さかった。<BR>さらに,40, 50および60dB(A)の3レベルの各睡眠指標を比較すると,騒音レベルが上昇するに従って2期を除く各ステージ出現率・回帰式の勾配,入眠潜時および睡眠段階移行回数は減少し,ステージ2,回帰式のy切片,平均睡眠深度は増加した。定常騒音レベルの上昇に従って入眠が促進され得ることが再確認されたことになる。なお,騒音レベルの上昇と共に平均睡眠深度も増大しているが,ステージ3およびREM期の減少は騒音曝露の睡眠への悪影響であり,必ずしも定常音曝露でより良質の睡眠が確保されたということではない。

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.43.1102

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00173475629?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

In order to assess the effects of noise on sleep, the authors have developed a microcomputer system which determines the sleep stage based on an all-night EEG (electroencephalogram), rapid eye movement and an EMG (electromyogram). All the polygraphic parameters for each epoch (including spindle, rapid eye movement, alpha and delta waves, and amount of muscle tension), which are necessary to determine the sleep stage, were determined by a microcomputer using a digital data processing program. Recognition of EEG waves is based on Fujimori's method with some modifications. The rules of Rechtschaffen et al. were adopted for judging sleep stage with a slight modification.<BR>Data were obtained from six healthy students of a university. Each student was polygraphed for five to six nights under various conditions of noise exposure. Judgements of the sleep stage were made by two medical doctors. Using randomly selected 10 nights' data, the agreement between judgements by the microcomputer system and by the doctor was 77%. The percentage of agreement increased to 84% for the epochs in which the two doctors agreed.<BR>It takes about one hour to determine all-night sleep stages by this system.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.43.1092

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00173475612?from=CiNii

出版者・発行元：The Kitakanto Medical Society  

Cadmium (Cd), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, β2-microglobulin (BMG), and creatinine (cr) in cadmium pigment workers' urine was measured twice, in April and September 1986. These workers had been exposed to cadmium pigment dust (maximum 3.0μg/m³/8 hrs of respirable dust). In April and September, the urinary Cd ranged respectively from 0.2 to 9.5 and 0. 5 to 7.0 μg/g cr with geometric means of 0.7 and 1.2 μg/g cr. Person's correlation coefficient between Cd and NAG was 0.263 (n=61) in April and 0.387 (n=50) in September. The correlation coefficient between Cd and BMG was 0.242 in April and 0.110 in September. These results show that the urinary Cd level is more closely related to urinary NAG than to urinary BMG, even when urinary Cd level is under 10 μg/ g cr. We conclude that NAG is a more sensitive indicator of Cd absorption than BMG, even when the urinary Cd level is under 10 μg/g cr.

DOI： 10.2974/kmj1951.37.355

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

DOI： 10.1539/joh1959.29.214

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

DOI： 10.1539/joh1959.29.386

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13173

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/s11255-017-1681-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/jch.13082

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/jpc.13729

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.019

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

DOI： 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004661

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.069

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

DOI： 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.12.015

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/s40596-017-0773-6

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/nep.12943

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/1753-0407.12564

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.04.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

DOI： 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017897

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/s12350-017-0786-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1002/ppul.23745

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.04.007

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.03.010

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.12.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/1753-0407.12537

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

DOI： 10.1007/s00404-017-4394-9

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

DOI： 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.042

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/1753-0407.12530

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12992

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

DOI： 10.1007/s00394-017-1427-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

DOI： 10.1093/occmed/kqx026

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER MEDICAL ASSOC  

DOI： 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5987

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER THORACIC SOC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/s12020-017-1246-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

DOI： 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016910

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

DOI： 10.1007/s00404-017-4332-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.11.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

DOI： 10.1093/pubmed/fdw002

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

DOI： 10.1017/S000711451700023X

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12808

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/s11255-016-1459-9

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/s12020-016-1100-9

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS