記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has recently been investigated as a risk marker for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. However, whether ADMA levels are related to the risk of stroke in the Japanese general population remains unclear.
Methods: We examined 769 Japanese men (mean age, 47 5 years) undergoing health examinations. Each subject's ADMA level and various vascular risk factors were assessed; the predicted 10-year stroke risk was calculated using the point-based prediction model from the Japan Public Health Center Study.
Results: In a multiple linear regression analysis, age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and current smoking status were significant independent determinants of ADMA levels. A significant odds ratio (OR) for high predicted stroke risk (10-year risk >= 5%)was noted in the highest quartile of ADMA levels (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.002-6.07), compared with the lowest quartile, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A significant OR for high predicted stroke risk was also found for each standard deviation increment in ADMA level (adjusted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10-1.92).
Conclusion: Elevated ADMA levels were significantly associated with an increased predicted stroke risk, suggesting that measuring ADMA levels may be useful for identifying middle-aged Japanese men with a high risk of stroke. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jns.2013.12.021

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OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of smoking prevention education for nursing students using the improved tobacco smoke collection method.METHODS: The improved tobacco smoke collection method allows mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke from a cigarette to be separately extracted using a closed system. After collection, we performed gas measurement using a gas detection tube and the Schiff reagent method. We provided a lecture incorporating the experimental method for an experimental group (42 students), but only the lecture without the method for a control group (43 students). We surveyed the changes in The Kano Test for Social Dependence (KTSND) scores before and after the lecture and one month later.RESULTS: In the experimental group, the total scores of the KTSND were 10.2 ± 5.0 (mean ± standard deviation) before the lecture, 5.8 ± 4.1 after the lecture, and 6.9 ± 4.8 one month later. On the other hand, the scores were 10.7 ± 5.7, 7.5 ± 5.8, and 9.7 ± 5.5 in the control group before, after, and one month after the lecture, respectively. It is considered that the students understood "smoking is harmful to health" since this gas analysis method can be used to check for harmful gases visually.CONCLUSION:  Result of this study suggest that this experimental method is useful for educating nursing students on the harmful effects of smoking.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.69.235

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IRCA-BSSA  

Granzyme 3 (Gr3) is known as a tryptase-type member of the granzyme family and exists in the granules of immunocompetent cells. Granule proteases including granzymes, are transported into the cytoplasm of tumor cells or virus-infected cells by perforin function, degrade cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins and subsequently cause the death of the target cells. Recently, although several substrates of Gr3 in vivo have been reported, these hydrolyzed sites were unclear or lacked consistency. Our previous study investigated the optimal amino acid triplet (P3-P2-P1) as a substrate for Gr3 using a limited combination of amino acids at the P2 and P3 positions. In the present study, new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate libraries to screen P2 and P3 positions were synthesized, respectively. Using these substrate libraries, the optimal amino acid triplet was shown to be Tyr-Phe-Arg as a substrate for human Gr3. Moreover, kinetic analyses also showed that the synthetic substrate FRETS-YFR had the lowest Km value for human Gr3. A substantial number of membrane proteins possessed the triplet Tyr-Phe-Arg and some of them might be in vivo substrates for Gr3. The results might also be a great help for preparing specific inhibitors to manipulate Gr3 activity both in vitro and in vivo.

DOI： 10.5582/bst.8.126

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) is the major components of PM2.5, and much attention has focused on PM2.5 in relation to adverse health effects, and many pulmonary diseases. In the present study, we used a human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) line to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of erythromycin (EM) and EM703 - a new derivative of erythromycin without antibacterial effects on the expressions of IL-8 caused by DEP exposure. DEP showed a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on IL-8 product in HBEC. Increases of IL-8 expression by DEP stimulation were significantly blocked by both EM and EM703 pretreatment. Furthermore, NF-kappa B and Nrf2 activation, the antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, NQO-1 mRNA expression were increased by DEP exposure and these increases were blocked by both of EM and EM703 pretreatment. Our results suggest that, EM and EM703 may have an inhibitory effect on expression inflammatory cytokines in HBEC induced by DEP not only as an anti-inflammation but also an antioxidant drug. EM and EM703 might contribute to chemical prevention of the risk of pulmonary diseases induced by oxidative stress from environmental pollutant, such as DEP. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.12.010

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

The hippocampal dentate gyrus has been implicated in a neuronal basis of antidepressant action. We have recently shown a distinct form of neuronal plasticity induced by the serotonergic antidepressant fluoxetine, that is, a reversal of maturation of the dentate granule cells in adult mice. This "dematuration'' is induced in a large population of dentate neurons and maintained for at least one month after withdrawal of fluoxetine, suggesting long-lasting strong influence of dematuration on brain functioning. However, reliable induction of dematuration required doses of fluoxetine higher than suggested optimal doses for mice (10 to 18 mg/kg/day), which casts doubt on the clinical relevance of this effect. Since our previous studies were performed in naive mice, in the present study, we reexamined effects of fluoxetine using mice treated with chronic corticosterone that model neuroendocrine pathophysiology associated with depression. In corticosterone-treated mice, fluoxetine at 10 mg/kg/day downregulated expression of mature granule cell markers and attenuated strong frequency facilitation at the synapse formed by the granule cell axon mossy fiber, suggesting the induction of granule cell dematuration. In addition, fluoxetine caused marked enhancement of dopaminergic modulation at the mossy fiber synapse. In vehicle-treated mice, however, fluoxetine at this dose had no significant effects. The plasma level of fluoxetine was comparable to that in patients taking chronic fluoxetine, and corticosterone did not affect it. These results indicate that corticosterone facilitates fluoxetine-induced plastic changes in the dentate granule cells. Our finding may provide insight into neuronal mechanisms underlying enhanced responsiveness to antidepressant medication in certain pathological conditions.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0063662

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Many psychiatric disorders emerge after adolescence. Among a variety of predisposing factors, prenatal stress has been thought to cause the symptoms of anxiety disorders. We recently reported that prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) exposure, which mimics some aspects of prenatal stress, induced anxiety-related behaviors in male offspring when they reached adulthood. Before the emergence of behavioral changes, abnormalities occurred in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during postnatal development. In the present study, we found abnormalities in serotonin (5-HT) signaling, including decreased expression of 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and 5-HT content in the hippocampus at postnatal week (PW) 4. These results support using early therapeutic interventions with serotonergic drugs to prevent late-emerging anxiety symptoms. To test this hypothesis, we treated rat pups born to DEX-administered mothers with fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used as an anti-anxiety medication, via breast milk from postnatal day (PD) 2-21. Anxiety-related behaviors examined at PW11-13 were not observed in the prenatally DEX-exposed offspring that were treated with FLX. Likewise, FLX increased 5-HT concentrations in the mPFC and ventral hippocampus at PW3 and normalized 5-HT1A-R mRNA concentrations in the mPFC at PW4. The decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus was also restored at PW4. Furthermore, administration of the 5-HT1A-R full agonist (R)-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin from PD2 to 21 also prevented the emergence of behavioral abnormalities in the prenatally DEX-exposed offspring, implicating the involvement of 5-HT1A-Rs in the neonatal FLX effect. Collectively, an early pharmacological intervention to normalize serotonergic transmission effectively suppressed the emergence of symptoms induced by prenatal DEX exposure in rats. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.03.027

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.04.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Objective The effect of a severely stressful situation (sleep restriction and psychological load) on the diurnal changes in novel tryptamine-related compounds (hydroxydiacetyltryptamine, sulphatoxymelatonin, and dihydromelatonin) was evaluated in human subjects for 16 days. Methods The subjects were allowed to sleep for 5 h on days three through 12 and for 8 h on the other days. On days three through 12, the subjects were asked to perform a psychological task. The first two and the last 4 days were viewed as control days. A performance test was administered to evaluate the extent of the subjects' fatigue. Total urine was sampled by collecting it into bottles three times a day [(1) during the sleeping period, (2) in the morning, and (3) in the afternoon]. Seven tryptamine-related compounds in urine were assayed using HPLC-fluorometry. Results The urine melatonin level was high at night and low during the day. In contrast, urinary levels of hydroxydiacetyltryptamine and sulphatoxydiacetyltryptaminewere low at night and high during the day. Dihydromelatonin was undetectable in urine during the sleeping period. Sleep restriction and psychological load did not affect diurnal changes in urinary melatonin, hydroxydiacetyltryptamine, sulphatoxydiacetyltryptamine, or N-acetylserotonin levels. The concentrations of hydroxymelatonin and sulphatoxymelatonin in urine did not show diurnal changes and decreased gradually during the experimental days. A principal component analysis confirmed the diurnal changes and suggested two novel metabolic pathways: (1) N-acetylserotonin to sulphtoxydiacetyltryptamine via hydroxydiacetyltryptamine, and (2) melatonin to dihydromelatonin. Conclusion Severely stressful situations did not affect diurnal changes in melatonin, hydroxydiacetyltryptamine, sulphatoxydiacetyltryptamine, or N-acetylserotonin levels in urine. © The Japanese Society for Hygiene 2011.

DOI： 10.1007/s12199-011-0222-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

We previously found that forest environments reduced stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline and showed the relaxing effect both in male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of walking under forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age 57.4 +/- 11.6 years) were selected after obtaining informed consent. The subjects took day trips to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo and to an urban area of Tokyo as a control in September 2010. On both trips, they walked for 2 h in the morning and afternoon on a Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled on the morning before each trip and after each trip. Blood pressure was measured on the morning (0800) before each trip, at noon (1300), in the afternoon (1600) during each trip, and on the morning (0800) after each trip. The day trip to the forest park significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline and dopamine levels and significantly increased serum adiponectin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. Walking exercise also reduced the levels of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and urinary dopamine. Taken together, habitual walking in forest environments may lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity and have beneficial effects on blood adiponectin and DHEA-S levels, and habitual walking exercise may have beneficial effects on blood NT-proBNP levels.

DOI： 10.1007/s00421-011-1918-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

Fenitrothion (FNT) is used throughout the world as an insecticide in agriculture. To investigate the effect of FNT on the splenocytes and the underlying mechanism, FNT and its main metabolite, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP), were administered orally to Wistar rats in daily doses of 0, 5 and 10 mg/kg, 4-5 days/week for 9 weeks. Splenocytes were harvested from control and exposed rats, and the following cell phenotypes were quantified by flow cytometry: (1) B cells (PE-CD45RA), (2) T cells (FITC-CD3), (3) T cell subsets (PE-CD4 and PerCP-CD8), (4) natural killer (NK) cells (FITC-CD161a), (5) macrophages (FITC-CD11b), and (6) granulocyte (PE-granulocyte). Body weight, weight of the spleen, and histopathological alterations of spleens were also examined. The percentage of splenic CD8+ T cells and the ratio of CD8/CD4 in the group receiving 10 mg/kg FNT, and the percentages of splenic CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in the group receiving 10 mg/kg MNP were significantly decreased compared with those in the controls. FNT exposure also significantly decreased the weight of the spleen and body weight. In addition, apoptotic lymphocytes in spleen were observed in FNT-exposed rats under transmission electron microscope. However, FNT and MNP exposures did not affect splenic NK cells, B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. The above findings indicate that FNT and MNP may selectively affect splenic T cells in rats.

DOI： 10.1177/0960327110377525

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Introduction. The relationship among lifestyle, aging and psychological wellbeing was evaluated in Japanese working men.
Methods. Self-administered questionnaire on six lifestyle factors and the General Health Questionnaire 12-item version (GHQ12) were administered to 3306 male workers. Health practice index (HPI) was calculated as a desirable lifestyle score by summing up each binary lifestyle score (0, 1), ranging from 0 to 6. To check validity of the study outcome, the authors repeated twice with 1 year interval. HPI was categorised into three groups by the score of 0-2, 3-4 and 5-6.
Results. The number of subjects categorised by HPI was 532, 1967 and 807, respectively. The mean value of GHQ12 significantly decreased as the HPI increased by adjusting age. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict GHQ12 by six lifestyle scores, and age, sleep, night snacking and exercise were significantly related to GHQ12. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted and age in 50s, two-shift work, sleep, night snacking and exercise were significantly associated with GHQ12.
Conclusion. Although cause-effect relationship cannot make clear, some of desirable health practices and aging were closely related to psychological wellbeing judged by GHQ12.

DOI： 10.3109/13685538.2010.493588

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Alcohol abuse is recognized as a major health issue, and early detection of alcohol abuse is very important. The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) has been widely used as a specific tool for its detection. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Japanese male workers to validate the Japanese version of this test. The Japanese version of AUDIT also contains 10 questions. A score greater than or equal to 11 was considered as indicative of serious alcohol abuse or dependence. A total of 168 subjects took part in the survey, and 145 of these subjects sent in their responses to the questionnaire. Among these 145 subjects, there were 136 men. The average age of these male subjects was 38.2 years (+/- 9.9). Among the 136 male subjects, 113 returned completely filled-in questionnaires. There were no significant differences in the mean values of the AUDIT score, short version of AUDIT (AUDIT-C) score, or age between the subjects who did or did not indicate: their names in the questionnaire. The internal reliability (Cronbach alpha) of AUDIT was 0.67 for the total subject population and 0.45 for the subjects who indicated their names in the questionnaire (n = 69). Cronbach's alpha of AUDIT-C was 0.51 for the total subject population and 0.43 for the subjects who indicated their names in the questionnaire. The Spearman's rho between AUDIT and AUDIT-C was 0.92 (P < .01), and the percentage of subjects with an AUDIT score greater than or equal to 11 was 8.0% (9/113). Thus, the Japanese version of AUDIT showed satisfactory internal reliability. AUDIT is easy to use and is useful for the detection of alcohol-related problems in occupational workers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.012

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Aims: There is an ethnic difference of obesity index to diagnose metabolic syndrome. The authors explored the optimal cut-off levels for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in relation to each component of metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off levels for each component of metabolic syndrome. This study included 4572 workers aged 42.5 ± 9.9 years. Results: The optimal BMI cut-off values for diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia varied from 23.0 to 24.3 kg/m2. As for WC, the optimal cut-off values varied from 83.0 to 83.7 cm. The optimal BMI cut-off values relating with one to three components of metabolic syndrome varied from 23.2 to 25.3 kg/m2. As for WC, the optimal cut-off values varied from 83.0 to 85.0 cm. Pair-wise comparison of ROC curves showed that WC has an advantage in relation to metabolic syndrome and its components compared with BMI. By logistic regression analysis, odds ratios of obesity indices for hypertension, dyslipidemia or the number of metabolic component were all significantly increased. As for diabetes mellitus, odds ratios of BMI ≥25 and WC ≥85 significantly increased, respectively. Conclusions: Japanese criteria of obesity in metabolic syndrome in man may be appropriate for diabetes mellitus. Ethnic difference in criteria of obesity in Asian metabolic syndrome exists, and mutual comparisons in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome have a difficulty to conduct. © 2010 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.012

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Biolife s.a.s.  

Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) is a motor fuel oxygenate used in reformulated gasoline. The current use of ETBE in gasoline or petrol is modest but increasing. To investigate the effects of ETBE on splenocytes, mice were exposed to 0 (control), 500 ppm, 1750 ppm, or 5000 ppm of ETBE by inhalation for 6 h/day for 5 days/wk over a 6- or 13-week period. Splenocytes were harvested from the control and exposed mice, and the following cell phenotypes were quantified by flow cytometry: (1) B cells (PerCP-Cy5.5-CD45R/B220), (2) T cells (PerCP-Cy5-CD3e), (3) T cell subsets (FITC-CD4 and PE-CD8a), (4) natural killer (NK) cells (PE-NK1.1), and (5) macrophages (FITC-CD11b). Body weight and the weight of the spleen were also examined. ETBE-exposure did not affect the weight of the spleen or body weight, while it transiently increased the number of RBC and the Hb concentration. The numbers of splenic CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, the percentage of CD4+ T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in the ETBE-exposed groups were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, ETBE exposure did not affect the numbers of splenic NK cells, B cells, or macrophages or the total number of splenocytes. The above findings indicate that ETBE selectively affects the number of splenic T cells in mice. Copyright © by BIOLIFE, s.a.s.

DOI： 10.1177/039463201102400403

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Objective: It has been suggested that the presence of a depressive state is a predictor of increase of the body weight. However, to precisely understand the nature of this relationship, the data should be controlled for other factors that can also be associated with weight gain.
Methods and Participants: To test the hypothesis that the presence of a depressive state is associated with future weight gain, a 4-year prospective occupation-based cohort study was conducted in male adult workers (N = 1730) at a railway company. Following the initial screening, follow-up information was obtained via a legally required annual health examination. The presence of a depressive state was identified using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The weight of each participant was measured to the nearest kilogram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between the depressive state and a weight gain of 4 kg or more over the 4-year study period after controlling for potentially confounding variables such as the age, smoking status, alcohol intake status, and physical activity.
Results: A weight gain of 4 kg or more over the 4-year study period was significantly associated with the depressive state, even after controlling for confounding variables (p < 0.05). Short-term longitudinal analysis also revealed an association between the depressive state and subsequent increase of the body weight.
Conclusion: Since the depressive state was demonstrated to be an important risk factor for increase of the body weight, further research on depression should be conducted with a view to providing effective health education.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2011-1114

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier Ltd  

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum insulin levels and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in working women. Methods: The target subjects were 141 working women. Serum triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, plasma insulin and plasma glucose were measured in addition to waist circumference and blood pressure. Results: MetS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, and was present in 7.1% (10/141) of the study subjects. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that some components of MetS were significantly associated with log-transformed values of the serum insulin. The standardized regression coefficient for the waist circumference, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and age were 0.238, -0.333, 0.309 and -0.156, respectively. Conclusions: A statistically significant relationship existed between the components of MetS and the serum insulin levels in working women. © 2010 Diabetes India.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.12.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Aims: The prevalence of glucose intolerance in the Japanese adult population is increasing. In this study, the associated factors including lifestyles with glucose intolerance and its metabolism were explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008. The sample included 3203 working men aged 35-59 years. Age, six lifestyle-related factors, and metabolic components were used as variables to calculate the odds ratio for glucose intolerance, which were defined if his fasting plasma glucose was ≥110 mg/dL and &lt
126 mg/dL. Results: The prevalence of glucose intolerance was 8.4%, and it increased with 5-year interval of age (2.2, 5.0, 10.4, 15.2, and 17.5%, respectively). Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of age, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and no current smoking for glucose intolerance were 1.11 (1.09-1.13), 1.66 (1.31-2.11), 1.90 (1.47-2.47), 1.86 (1.46-2.36), and 0.79 (0.62-0.998), respectively. In contrast, the odds ratios of drinking, sleeping, exercise, and dietary habit did not reach the significance level, although multiple regression analysis presented that subjects with regular exercise showed significantly lower serum insulin level. Conclusions: The risk of glucose intolerance was significantly correlated with obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and smoking habit. However, other lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with glucose intolerance. © 2010 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.015

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Introduction. Shift work has been reported to be associated with an increase in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). To clarify the association between the type of shift work and the risk of MetS, a cross-sectional field survey was conducted after adjusting for age and lifestyle factors.
Methods. The subjects were 3007 Japanese males, aged 34-64 years old, who were employees (1700 day and 1307 shift workers) of a car-manufacturing company. The standard Japanese criteria for the diagnosis of MetS was used. Age, smoking habit, drinking habit, sleeping habit and exercise habit were used as the independent variables.
Results. The prevalence of MetS in the day workers, two-shift workers, and three-shift workers were 13.8% (234/1700), 10.7% (120/1125) and 17.6% (32/182), respectively. There was a significant difference in the prevalence between the two-shift workers and the day workers. Estimation of the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of age, two-shift work and habitual exercise for MetS were 1.03 (1.01-1.04), 0.77 (0.61-0.98) and 0.64 (0.51-0.81), respectively.
Conclusion. Two-shift work was associated with lower risk of MetS, which is not in accordance with past reports. This finding should therefore be re-analysed, including investigation of the job content in each group.

DOI： 10.3109/13685530903536692

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Introduction. Statistical information regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among a wide age range of workers is insufficient.
Methods. A total of 4278 men between the ages of 20 and 59 years participated in the study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) III criteria.
Results. Overall, the prevalences of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF and NCEPIII criteria were 13.6% and 14.8%, respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF (NCEPIII) criteria among workers in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s were 4.8% (6.1%), 9.9% (12.2%), 18.4% (21.6%) and 25.8% (34.0%), respectively. A plot of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the NCEPIII criteria versus age had a steep gradient and increased sharply for men in their 50s. In contrast, a plot of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria versus age increased in a linear manner.
Conclusion. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased among workers according to age, but the increasing trend and the absolute prevalence of metabolic syndrome differed according to the two sets of diagnostic criteria used in this study.

DOI： 10.3109/13685531003586983

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: Serum uric acid and hematological parameters play a significant role for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with CVD, but the relationship between such blood parameters and MetS has not yet been precisely investigated in healthy workers. Methods: A total of 1088 male workers in a pharmaceutical company, aged 30-59 years with mean age of 43.2, were recruited. They participated in annual health examination in 2009. MetS was diagnosed according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria with modification on waist circumference. The relationships between blood parameters and MetS were analyzed according to four groups stratified by the number of components on MetS (0, 1, 2 and 3-5) in combination with age. Results: There was a significant trend of increase of variables such as hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count and serum uric acid as the number of components on MetS increased (p &lt
0.05). Among them, there was a significant difference in the mean value except platelet count between a group of MetS and other groups. Furthermore, serum uric acid, WBC count and age were significantly associated with MetS by logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in parentheses of uric acid and WBC against MetS were 1.47 (1.28-1.69) and 1.34 (1.21-1.49), respectively. Conclusions: Serum uric acid and WBC were associated with MetS, and such blood parameters increased as the number of MetS components increased in Japanese male workers. © 2010 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.05.016

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objective: We performed a 1-year follow-up study to determine the effects of smoking status and insulin resistance on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This study included 2136 workers without metabolic syndrome at baseline who were followed for 1 year. The subjects were divided into four categories of smoking and work history, respectively. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R).
Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome after 1 year was 6.3%. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the current smokers category versus the nonsmokers category, a 0.1-point increase in the HOMA-R score, a 1-point increase in the uric acid level, age, and body mass index were significantly correlated with increased odds for metabolic syndrome, yielding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.61 (1.09-2.39), 1.14 (1.04-1.25), 1.31 (1.12-1.54), and 1.06 (1.03-1.09), and 1.23 (1.15-1.31), respectively.
Conclusions: Current smoking, insulin resistance, uric acid level, and age contributed positively to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, smoking cessation within 1 year and work history did not contribute to metabolic syndrome. (C) 2009 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.orcp.2009.12.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum insulin levels and components of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The target participants were 3054 working men. MS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation and was present in 12.9% of the study patients. Serum lipid profiles, uric acid, insulin, plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A(1c) were measured. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that all the components of MS were significantly associated with log-transformed values of the serum insulin. The standardized regression coefficient for the waist circumference was 5-fold higher than that for fasting plasma glucose, being 0.40 and 0.08, respectively. The standardized regression coefficients for diastolic blood pressure, log-transformed values of serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and age were 0.09, 0.13, -0.16, and -0.11, respectively. A statistically significant relationship existed between the components of MS, especially abdominal obesity, and the serum insulin levels.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00239.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that 2-night/3-day trips to forest parks enhanced human NK activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that this increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in both male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a day trip to a forest park on human INK activity in male subjects. Twelve healthy male subjects, aged 35-53 years, were selected after giving informed consent. The subjects experienced a day trip to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo. They walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in the forest park on Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled in the morning of the following day and 7 days after the trip, and the NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes, the concentration of cortisol in blood samples, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a weekend day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in the forest were measured. The day trip to the forest park significantly increased INK activity and the numbers of CD16(+) and CD56(+) NK cells, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing NK cells and significantly decreased CD4(+) T cells, the concentrations of cortisol in the blood and adrenaline in urine. The increased INK activity lasted for 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides, such as isoprene, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene, were detected in the forest air. These findings indicate that the day trip to the forest park also increased the NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted for at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

Gr3 is reported to play an important role in defense against viral infection. Although it is known that Gr3 is synthesized as a proenzyme and activated in the cytotoxic granules of NK cells and CTL, the activation mechanism is not clearly understood. In an attempt to analyze the activation mechanism of human Gr3, a recombinant pro-Gr3 was expressed in the periplasm of E. coli and purified to homogeneity. On SDS-PAGE the recombinant pro-Gr3 showed a slightly higher molecular weight than the enzymatically active Gr3, because the former possesses a small propeptide at its N-terminal. The recombinant pro-Gr3 was enzymatically inactive. It could be activated by treatment with cathepsin C, which concomitantly decreased the molecular weight to that of active Gr3. The proteolytic reaction of cathepsin C did not continue after one dipeptide had been removed, indicating that the recombinant pro-Gr3 had the native conformation without any refolding process. The recombinant pro-Gr3 would be a valuable tool for analyzing the activation mechanism and exploring other activating enzymes besides cathepsin C.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00187.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objective: This study was intended to identify significant determinant factors of insulin resistance.
Methods: Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and was calculated as "Fasting plasma glucose x Fasting serum insulin)/405". The target subjects were 3008 working men. The serum lipid profiles, uric acid level, insulin level, plasma glucose level, hemoglobin A1C level, and blood pressure, in addition to the waist circumference or body mass index, were also measured. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed using log-transformed values of HOMA-R as the dependent variable.
Results: The standardized regression coefficient for waist circumference was about six times larger than that for hemoglobin A1c (0.45 and 0.08, respectively). The standardized regression coefficients for the other factors were 0.15 for diastolic blood pressure, 0.10 for the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, -0.06 for age, -0.04 for habitual exercise, 0.14 for no habitual drinking, and 0.07 for no smoking. When body mass index was substituted for waist circumference, almost the same results were obtained. The adverse effects of no smoking and no habitual drinking on the HOMA-R score might be explained, at least in part, by the relation of these factors with obesity. Regular exercise had a protective effect on lowering insulin resistance.
Conclusions: A close relation exists between obesity-related indices (waist circumference and body mass index) and insulin resistance, independent of age and other vascular risk factors in Japanese working men. (C) 2009 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.orcp.2009.07.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS  

Background: Smoking cessation is one of the primary targets for risk reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It also leads to the prevention of workers' illness or disability. Validation of a 100-point scale to evaluate perceived tobacco dependence was conducted using a 10-item questionnaire (the Tobacco Dependence Screener; TDS), a 6-item questionnaire (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; FTND), and determining the salivary levels of cotinine at Japanese workplaces.
Methods: A total of 1023 male smokers completed the TDS and FTND and scored themselves on the 100-point scale for tobacco dependence (Study 1). Of the subjects participating in Study 1, 282 male smokers from one workplace presented saliva samples, and the salivary nicotine and cotinine levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (Study 2). After conducting principal axis factor analysis, multiple regression analysis was employed to clarify the association between the score on the 100-point scale for perceived tobacco dependence and several factors such as age, the TDS score, the FTND score, and the salivary cotinine level.
Results: The mean age for the subjects was 40.3 years. The mean salivary cotinine level was 235.4 ng/ml, and it increased significantly with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the TDS and FTND were 0.77 and 0.64, respectively. A ROC analysis indicated a cutoff point for the score on the 100-point scale of 61, which yielded a positive result on the TDS (>= 5) with 65.7% sensitivity and 70.0% specificity. When FTND >= 4 was adopted as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity became 68.7% and 73.2%, respectively. Three factors were extracted by principal axis factor analysis, explaining 42% of the total variation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the score on the 100-point scale for evaluating tobacco dependence was positively associated with the TDS and FTND scores, and negatively associated with the age. The adjusted multiple correlation coefficient was 0.262.
Conclusions: The 100-point scale, which is a simple and easy tool to evaluate tobacco dependence, must be used in combination with other tobacco dependence questionnaires such as TDS and FTND and also the salivary cotinine level as a biological marker of tobacco exposure to conduct multi-dimensional education to promote smoking cessation.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-2010-0970

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT INC  

Background: The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) has frequently been used in the United States to predict the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Components of the metabolic syndrome and several lifestyle factors have also been evaluated to estimate the risk of CHD.
Methods: To determine the relationship between the FRS and components of metabolic syndrome as coronary risk indicators, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,619 Japanese male workers, ranging in age from 40 to 64 years, at a single workplace. Although the estimation by the FRS and metabolic syndrome involved some different factors, significant association of the risk estimated by the 2 methods was observed.
Results: When logistic regression analysis was conducted with adjustment for several lifestyle factors, the FRS and serum insulin were found to be significantly associated with the risk of likelihood of metabolic syndrome. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of FRS by per standard deviation increment and serum insulin by increasing 1 mu IU/mL for the prediction of metabolic syndrome were 2.50 (2.17-2.88) and 1.24 (1.20-1.27), respectively. A preventive effect of abstaining from drinking every day and eating breakfast almost daily against the likelihood of metabolic syndrome was also observed.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the FRS and insulin were found to be significantly associated with the risk of likelihood of metabolic syndrome, even after controlling for weight change.

DOI： 10.1089/met.2008.0087

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Background: Perceived good health or good self-rated health is considered to be a predictor of longer Survival and maintenance of good quality of life, which is a public health goal.
Objective: This Study assessed trends in the percentage of self-rated poor health among Japanese residents, based on data from the National Comprehensive Survey of the Living Conditions of People on Health and Welfare.
Methods: Results of the survey (which is conducted in Japan every 3 years to determine the living conditions of people receiving health and welfare services) were analyzed using multistage and stratified Cluster sampling Of households. Self-rated health was measured by response to the question, "Recently, would you say that in general your health has been good, fairly good, fair, fairly poor, or poor?" The trend in fairly poor or poor health status during the period from 1989 through 2004 was stratified by sex and age group.
Results: The rates of response to the survey were 90.9% (246,892/271,588) in 1995 and 79.8% (220,836/276,682) in 2004. Target Subjects were aged >= 20 years in each year of the Study. The prevalence of self-reported fairly poor or poor health was lowest in 1995 and then increased every year until 2001, when it appeared to reach a plateau. The prevalence of having fairly poor or poor health among women aged 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 to 74 years were as follows in 1995: 9.2%, 11.7%, 15.3%, and 19.8%, respectively. In 2004, the rates were 13.3%, 17.2%, 22.1%, and 31.7%, respectively. By comparison, the prevalence of self-reported fairly poor or poor health was 8.1%, 9.3%, 13.7%, and 17.9% among men aged 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 to 74 years, respectively, in 1995. In 2004, these rates were 12.8%, 14.8%, 19.0%, and 27.9%, respectively.
Conclusions: In this survey, conducted every 3 years between 1989 and 2004 in Japanese households, older subjects had a greater prevalence of self-reported fairly poor or poor health than did Younger subjects. The proportion of respondents who described their health as poor or fairly poor was highest in 1995. Women generally had a greater prevalence of self-reported poor or fairly poor health. (Gend Med. 2009;6:329-334) (C) 2009 Excerpta Medica Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.genm.2009.04.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

The establishment of an optimal second-line regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection is required. Although quadruple therapy should overcome resistance to either clarithromycin or metronidazole, the effects of a quadruple regimen in second-line therapy are unknown. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of triple therapy composed of proton pump inhibitor/amoxicillin plus metronidazole with the combined additive effects of clarithromycin as a second-line quadruple therapy against H. pylori infection.
Participants were 104 patients in whom first-line therapy containing proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-clarithromycin failed. Before starting second-line therapy, patients underwent endoscopy to obtain H. pylori strain for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Patients were randomized to receive rabeprazole (10 mg), amoxicillin (750 mg), and metronidazole (250 mg), either with clarithromycin (200 mg; RAMC group) or without (RAM group); all treatments were administered twice daily for 7 days. H. pylori eradication was confirmed by (13)C-urea breath tests performed 2 to 3 months post-therapy.
As shown by intention-to-treat/per-protocol analyses, the cure rates for H. pylori infection were 88.5%/93.9% and 82.7%/84.3% for the RAMC and RAM groups. Although the study probably had an insufficient power to show a significant difference between the cure rates of the two regimens, the eradication rates showed a clear trend in favor of the RAMC group. There were no severe side-effects in any group.
In Japan, the RAMC regimen is thought to be a promising alternative strategy for second-line eradication of H. pylori infection.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00664.x

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

During our studies to establish a method for identifying tryptamine-related substances in human urine, we detected three large peaks of unknown Origin in an HPLC chromatogram. Fluorometric HPLC and HPLC-TOF-MS/MS analyses led to the identification of these substances as 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, 5-sulphatoxydiacetyltryptamine, and reduced melatonin. This is the first report of the latter two compounds in human urine. Here, we report the results of two fluorometric HPLC assays of these three substances, as well as melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin, and 5-hydroxydiacetyltryptamine, using synthesized standards and discuss the possibility that 5-hydroxydiacetyltryptamine (the parent substance of 5-sulphatoxydiacetyltryptamine) and reduced melatonin have radical scavenging activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.003

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a new salivary collection device (psi10 mm x 25 mm) made of polypropylene and polyethylene polymers (Salisoft((R))). Experiment 1; We measured the absorption capacity of the new device by two methods. Next, we examined whether the device affected the pH of 0.1 M NaHCO(3) solution (pH 8.7) and 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). Experiment 2; We compared three saliva collection methods: by passive drool, using a cotton device (Salivette((R))), and using the new device. Saliva samples were collected from twelve men (average age, 31.5 +/- 17.1 years). Saliva samples were assayed for cotinine, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone concentrations by enzyme immunoassay, and the pH of saliva samples were measured. After this device was put in the mouth for one minute, 1.28 +/- 0.13 mL (mean +/- SD, N = 6) of saliva samples were obtained. The mean pHs of saliva samples collected using Salisoft((R)) and by passive drool did not differ significantly, whereas that of saliva samples collected with Salivette((R)) was significantly low. Saliva samples collected with Salisoft((R)) and those obtained by passive drool did not show significant differences in the concentrations of cotinine, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone. Moreover, significant positive correlations were noted between the concentrations in saliva samples collected with Salisoft((R)) and those in saliva samples collected by passive drool. This new device was shown to be suitable for saliva collection for the determination of the concentrations of cotinine and some steroids by enzyme immunoassay.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.811

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Biolife s.a.s.  

We previously reported that the forest environment enhanced human natural killer (NK) cell activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after trips to forests both in male and female subjects. To explore the factors in the forest environment that activated human NK cells, in the present study we investigate the effect of essential oils from trees on human immune function in twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-60 years, who stayed at an urban hotel for 3 nights from 7.00p.m. to 8.00a.m. Aromatic volatile substances (phytoncides) were produced by vaporizing Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki cypress) stem oil with a humidifier in the hotel room during the night stay. Blood samples were taken on the last day and urine samples were analysed every day during the stay. NK activity, the percentages of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes in blood, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine were measured. Similar control measurements were made before the stay on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in the hotel room air were measured. Phytoncide exposure significantly increased NK activity and the percentages of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells, and significantly decreased the percentage of T cells, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as α-pinene and β-pinene, were detected in the hotel room air. These findings indicate that phytoncide exposure and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to increased NK activity. Copyright © by Biolife, s.a.s.

DOI： 10.1177/039463200902200410

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.014

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WICHTIG EDITORE  

anti-We previously reported that forest bathing trips enhanced human NK activity, number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in male subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of forest bathing trip on human NK activity in female subjects. Thirteen healthy nurses, age 25-43 years, professional career 4-18 years, were selected with informed consent. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip to forest fields. On day 1, the subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; on day 2, they walked for two hours each in the morning and afternoon in two different forest fields; and on day 3, the subjects finished the trip and returned to Tokyo after drawing blood and completing a questionnaire. Blood and urine were sampled on the second and third days during the trip, and on days 7 and 30 after the trip. NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing lymphocytes in the,blood samples, the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in serum, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine were measured. Similar control measurements were made before the trip on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in the forests were measured. The forest bathing trip significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells and significantly decreased the percentage of T cells, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were detected in forest air. These findings indicate that a forest bathing trip also increased NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins in female subjects, and that this effect lasted at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that a forest bathing trip enhanced human NK activity, number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes. In the present study, we investigated how long the increased NK activity lasts and compared the effect of a forest bathing trip on NK activity with a trip to places in a city without forests. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 35-56 years, were selected with informed consent. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip to forest fields and to a city, in which activity levels during both trips were matched. On day 1, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on day 2, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields; and on day 3, the subjects finished the trip and returned to Tokyo after drawing blood samples and completing the questionnaire. Blood and urine were sampled on the second and third days during the trips, and on days 7 and 30 after the trip, and NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing lymphocytes in the blood samples,, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trips on a normal working day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in forest and city air were measured. The forest bathing trip significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells and significantly decreased the concentration of adrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip. In contrast, a city tourist visit did not increase NK activity, numbers of NK cells, nor the expression of selected intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and did not decrease the concentration of adrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were detected in forest air, but almost not in city air. These findings indicate that a forest bathing trip increased NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

DOI： 10.1177/039463200802100113

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In order to explore the effect of forest bathing on human immune function, we investigated natural killer (NK) activity; the number of NK cells, and perforin, granzymes and granulysin-expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) during a visit to forest fields. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-55 years, were selected with informed consent from three large companies in Tokyo, Japan. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip in three different forest fields. On the first day, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on the second day, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields. Blood was sampled on the second and third days, and NK activity; proportions of NK, T cells, granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a normal working day as the control. Almost all of the subjects (11/12) showed higher NK activity after the trip (about 50 percent increased) compared with before. There are significant differences both before and after the trip and between days 1 and 2 in NK activity. The forest bathing trip also significantly increased the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that a forest bathing trip can increase NK activity, and that this effect at least partially mediated by increasing the number of NK cells and by the induction of intracellular anti-cancer proteins.

DOI： 10.1177/03946320070200s202

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Objective. It is well documented that natural killer (NK) cells provide host defense against tumors and viruses. We previously showed that lifestyle affects human NK and LAK activities. In order to explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the effect of lifestyle on intracellular perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL).
Methods. 114 healthy male subjects, aged 20-59 years, from a large company in Osaka, Japan were selected with informed consent. The subjects were divided into groups reporting good, moderate, and poor lifestyles according to their responses on a questionnaire regarding eight health practices (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, working hours, physical exercise, eating breakfast, balanced nutrition, and mental stress). Peripheral blood was taken, and numbers of NK, T, perform, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL were measured by flow cytometry.
Results. Subjects with good or moderate lifestyle showed significantly higher numbers of NK, and perform, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells and a significantly lower number of T cells in PBL than subjects with poor lifestyle. Among the eight health practices, cigarette smoking, physical exercise, eating breakfast, and balanced nutrition significantly affect the numbers of NK, T cells, perform, granulysin, and/or granzymes A/B-expressing cells, and alcohol consumption significantly affects the number of granzyme A-expressing cells. On the other hand, mental stress, sleeping, and working hours had no effect on those parameters.
Conclusions. Taken together, these findings indicate that poor lifestyle significantly decreases the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Human granzyme 3 (Gr3) is a serine protease contained in the granules of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To elucidate the biochemical and physiological characteristics of Gr3, we attempted to prepare an enzymatically active recombinant human Gr3 without refolding and proteolytic activation. An expression vector was constructed, in which the pre-/pro-peptide coding sequence of Gr3 was replaced with the bacterial pelB leader sequence. The resultant expression product was a fully active protease in the periplasmic fraction of Escherichia coli and was purified to homogeneity. The purified enzyme effectively hydrolyzed Z-Lys-SBzl, a conventionally used substrate of GO. In addition, it also hydrolyzed the peptide substrate library FRETS-25Xaa series, required basic amino acid residues, Arg or Lys, at the PI position, and most efficiently hydrolyzed the carboxylic side of Phe-Tyr-Arg down arrow (P3-P2-P1) sequence of the 475 tripeptide combinations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.abb.2005.12.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: Fourteen-membered ring macrolides have been effective in reducing chronic airway inflammation and also preventing lung injury and fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice via anti-inflammatory effects. EM703 is a new derivative of erythromycin (EM) without the bactericidal effects. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of EM703 in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung injury and subsequent fibrosis in mice. Methods: Seven-week-old male ICR mice were used. All experiments used eight mice/group, unless otherwise noted in the figure legends. Bleomycin was administered intravenously to the mice on day 0. EM703 was orally administered daily to mice. All groups were examined for cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and for induction of messenger RNA (mRNA) of Smad3 and Smad4 in the lung tissues by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chainreaction (PCR) on day 7. Fibroblastic foci were assessed histologically, and the hydroxyproline content was chemically determined in the lung tissues on day 28. We performed assay of proliferation and soluble collagen production, and examined the induction of mRNA of Smad3 and Smad4 by RTPCR in murine lung fibroblast cell line MLg2908. We also examined Smad3, Smad4 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) protein assay by western blotting in MLg2908. Results: Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, and the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the airspace were inhibited by EM703. The expression of Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA was clearly attenuated by bleomycin, but was recovered by EM703. EM703 also inhibited fibroblast proliferation and the collagen production in lung fibroblasts induced by Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The expression of Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA in murine lung fibroblasts disappeared due to TGF-β, but was recovered by EM703. EM703 inhibited the expression of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 protein in murine lung fibroblasts induced by TGF-β. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EM703 improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by actions of anti-inflammation and regulation of TGF-β signaling in lung fibroblasts. © 2006 Li et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

DOI： 10.1186/1465-9921-7-16

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

A novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) to hippuric acid (HA) was prepared using an HA analog, N-alpha-benzoyl-lysine, as an immunogen. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HA was established using the anti-HA MAb named HA01BL. When the specificity of the MAb was analyzed by the ELISA system, the MAb was revealed to be less reactive to methylhippuric acids and to be more specific to HA than previously reported polyclonal antibodies. The detection limit of HA by the ELISA was approximately 1 mu g/mL. The urinary HA concentration determined by the ELISA system correlated well with that obtained by high performance liquid chromatography.

DOI： 10.1080/15321810600734901

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS  

More than 5,000 passengers on Tokyo subway trains were injured with toxic chemicals including the nerve gas "sarin" on March 20, 1995. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of satin exposure on insomnia in a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire concerning sleep-related items was distributed to victims of sarin exposure in October and November, 2003. Questionnaires were completed by 161 of the 163 participants (98.8%), who were selected from 1,500 subjects. Among them, the authors selected 75 women 30 to 69 years of age. Control participants were collected from inhabitants living in Maebachi City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. For the younger exposed group (under 50 yr. of age), percentages of poor sleep, difficulty falling asleep, intermittent awakening, early morning awakening, a feeling of light overnight sleep, and insomnia were significantly higher than those for the control group. In contrast, the older exposed group (ages 50 to 69 years) had significantly higher prevalence of poor sleep, a feeling of light overnight sleep, and early morning awakening for the exposed group when compared with the control group. The high prevalence of insomnia and insomnia-related factors for victims especially under 50 years of age suggests a need for research on sleep quality after satin exposure. Although posttraumatic stress disorder is assumed to be a psychological effect of exposure to a toxic substance, a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会  

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to check a simple sampling and easy gas analysis of tobacco smoke for effective tobacco intervention in medical education. METHODS: The mainstream of tobacco smoke was sampled by a syringe (50 ml) at five, ten and twenty seconds. The extracted mainstream was moved to a commercial PET bottle (2000 ml), and measured with gas detector tubes. The sidestream, which rises from the tip of the cigarette, was collected into a commercial PET bottle for a duration of 30 or 60 seconds. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) in the tobacco smoke were measured. Then, these gasses in the tobacco smoke of four brands of cigarettes were compared. This trial was conducted in third-year medical students, and the changes in attitudes to smokers and tobacco itself were investigated. RESULTS: The method of sampling 50 ml for 5 seconds produced the highest concentration of each gas in the mainstream. The gas concentration in the sidestream increased as the sampling time increased. The gas concentration in mainstream of "Lucia" was the highest of the used four brands, and the gas concentrations in the sidestream of "Mild Seven Prime" were higher than those of the other brands. Many medical students obtained knowledge about the toxicity of smoking by this experiment study. CONCLUSION: We studied a simple sampling method of tobacco smoke, and gas analysis with gas detector tubes. This method is recommended for tobacco education and intervention in medical education.

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.60.355

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Pharmaceutical Society of Japan  

From 2001 to the summer of 2002, more than 800 cases of liver damage were reported in Japan among people taking Chinese diet aids. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has recently announced that N-nitrosofenfluramine was the hepatotoxic compound contained in the diet aids based on animal experiments performed by the National Institute of Health Sciences. Although N-nitrosofenfluramine is a derivative of fenfluramine, a previously used anti-obesity drug, neither pharmacologic nor toxicologic properties have been reported for N-nitroso fenfluramine. It should be noted that N-nitrosofenfluramine has two optical isomers, although it is not yet known which isomer damages the liver and other organs. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has not commented on this point. Pursuing this question, 10 types of Chinese slimming aid samples including those obtained from patients with fulminating hepatitis were analyzed by NMR, GC/MS, and a newly established HPLC method using a chiral separation column. It was found that the N-nitrosofenfluramine in all of the toxic diet aids was the (S)-isomer form. No (R)-isomer was detected. These results strongly suggest that the nitroso-compound in the diets must be prepared from pharmacologically active (S)-fenfluramine (dexfenfluramine). Thus the pharmacologic and toxicologic properties of each isomer should be investigated. © 2003 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

DOI： 10.1248/yakushi.123.805

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and may be used as markers in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the various growth factors, apoptosis-related modifiers [soluble form of Fas (sFas) and bcl-2] and cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with different severities of periodontitis as compared with those of controls. GCF samples were taken from patients with periodontal disease and from controls. The concentrations of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and apoptosis- related modifiers sfas and bcl-2 in the samples were determined by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. TGF-α was significantly lower in patients with periodontal disease than in the controls. In contrast, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and β2-MG were significantly higher in the group with severe periodontal disease than in the controls. The amount of total protein in the GCF was considerably higher in the disease group than the controls (p < 0.05). TGF-α IL-1β, and β2-MG concentrations were associated (Spearman rank correlation, r < 0.05 for all) with clinical measures of disease severity (pocket depth) and inflammation (bleeding when probed). Apoptosis- related modifiers (sFas and bcl-2) could not be detected in any samples. These results suggest that the growth factor TGF-α and certain cytokines are associated with the presence of periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1016/S0003-9969(99)00020-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/S0300-483X(98)00131-0

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本毒性学会  

More than 20,000 passengers of Tokyo underground trains were intoxicated with warfare toxic chemicals. Most of the patients examined had marked miosis and decreased serum cholinesterase activity. Transient increase of serum CPK activity after 3 days of the exposure was the another sign. We intensively analyzed the metabolites in the urine of 4 patients. The following analytic results indicated the exposure to sarin as well as contaminated compounds such as diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), ethyl methylphosphonate fluoridate (EMPF, or ethylsarin), diethyl methylphosphonate (DEMP), and ethyl isopropyl methylphosphonate (EIMP). (1) Isopropanol (IPA) and ethanol (EtOH) were detected of large quantities in the urine samples, and were thought to be derived from sarin and the sarin counterpart, EMPF, DIMP, DEMP and EIMP. (2) Monoalkyl methylphosphonic acids (isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) and ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA)) also were excreted in large amounts with taking the similar excretion pattern of IPA and EtOH. (3) The metabolite only derived from sarin and ethylsarin is F anions whose integral output in the urine was less than the equimolar level of the excreted (IMPA+EMPA+IPA+EtOH). (4) Other corroborative findings were low lethality: of more than 5,510 patients treated, 11 were acutely dead. (5) Nine exposed males had higher sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate (5.00±1.48/cell) than the control (3.81±0.697/cell), because dialkyl methylphosphonates seemed to have alkylating activity and producing DNA adducts. The SCE rate also increased after the in vitro exposure of lymphocytes to dialkyl methylphosphonates.

DOI： 10.2131/jts.23.SupplementII_250

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD  

We evaluated the immunotoxicity of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) after intraperitoneal (ip) injection of p-CNB in BDF1 mice; single ip injection of 300 mg/kg (acute experiments), or 30 mg/kg three times a week for 4 weeks (subchronic experiments).The following items were investigated: number of splenocytes, natural killer (NK) activity, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity and LPS-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation using splenocytes, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in peripheral blood and body weight. NK activity in exposed mice significantly decreased compared to control in both acute and subchronic experiments. CTL activity in acute exposed mice showed a significant decrease on the 3rd day only after injection, and significant decrease at 3 and 4 weeks in subchronic exposed mice compared to controls. Comparing the effect of p-CNB on NK activity with that of CTL for both the acute and subchronic exposures, NK activity was more inhibited by p-CNB than CTL activity in the acute stage, whereas both the NK and CTL activities were inhibited by p-CNB in the subchronic stage. There was an indication that p-CNB also inhibited LPS- stimulated B-lymphocyte proliferation. On the other hand, Hb concentration did not show significant difference between the exposed and control mice in both acute and subchronic experiments. Body weight in subchronically exposed mice was significantly lower than the control from day 19. The above evidence indicated that p-CNB has an inherent immunotoxic effect on mice. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0300-483X(98)00027-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier  

A new determination procedure for human urinary 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) was established. In addition to the previously established solid-phase extraction method for unconjugated MHPG, another solid-phase extraction method for conjugated MHPG was developed. Unconjugated MHPG was adsorbed on a Sep-Pak Diol cartridge and selectively recovered by elution with ethyl acetate. The eluate was evaporated and the residue was redissolved and analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Conjugated (sulfate plus glucuronide) MHPG was adsorbed on a Sep-Pak Accell QMA cartridge and quantitatively eluted with 0.2 M NaCl. After enzymatic hydrolysis, deconjugated MHPG was extracted using a Sep-Pak Diol cartridge and analyzed in the same manner as unconjugated MHPG. The new method is simple and rapid and can quantitate conjugated and unconjugated MHPG discriminatively.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00623-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

An analysis method for the methylphosphonic acid metabolites of sarin in urine using trimethylsilyl derivatization and flame photometric detection is described in this report. Authentic reference standards of isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) and ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA) as well as methylphosphonic acid were employed to estimate the concentration in human urine. A sample pretreatment procedure was developed for urine using a column of cation-loaded ion-exchange resins (Ag+-, Ba2+- or H+-Dowex) and adjusting the pH of the eluate from the column to 3.75-3.85 improved recovery of the target compounds, The eluate was evaporated to dryness under vacuum prior to trimethylsilylation, to remove water and any hydroxy- or amino-carrying volatile substances. The sarin metabolites, because of their low volatility, were concentrated and could be derivatized for analysis. The use of synthesized authentic sarin and ethylsarin metabolites, i.e., IMPA and EMPA, made it possible to establish the necessary sample pretreatment procedures for derivatization and gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) analysis. The detection limits were 0.025 ppm both for IMPA and IMPA, and 0.625 μM for MPA, respectively. This method can be useful for estimating the exposure level to sarin by assaying the metabolites in urine and it is applicable to a large numbers of samples.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00203-X

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α were measured for the first time in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (VCSF) from control non-parkinsonian patients, patients with juvenile parkinsonism (JP) and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassays. All cytokines were detectable in VCSF from control and parkinsonian patients, and the concentrations were much higher than those in lumbar CFS. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4 and TGF-α in VCSF were higher in JP than those in controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 in VCSF from patients with PD were higher than those from control patients (P < 0.05). These results agree with our previous reports, in which the cytokine levels were elevated in the striatal dopaminergic region of the brain from patients with PD. Since VCSF is produced in the ventricles, the alteration of cytokines in VCSF may reflect the changes of cytokines in the brain. Because cytokines play an important role as mitogens and neurotrophic factors in the brain, the increases in cytokines as a compensatory response may occur in the brain of patients of JP or PD during the progress of neurodegeneration. Increase in cytokines may contribute not only as a compensatory response but as a primary initiating trigger for the neurodegeneration.

DOI： 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12706-3

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Pharmaceutical Society of Japan  

A new solid-phase extraction procedure for urinary 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) was established. Sep-Pak Diol cartridge was used, because MHPG is a neutral and alcoholic compound. Aqueous samples were adsorbed to the cartridge, then MHPG was eluted by the addition of ethyl acetate. After the eluate was evaporated, the residuum was dissolved with HPLC mobile phase and injected into HPLC. The extraction procedure was highly specific to MHPG, and none of other acidic catecholamine metabolites, such as vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), was extracted. The recovery of MHPG using this method was over 90% and higher than those using previously described methods such as liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Of the three vanillyl alcohol isomers, isovanillyl alcohol was the most suitable as an internal standard for the correction of column-to-column variation of the recovery. Human urinary unconjugated MHPG extracted by the new procedure could be measured by HPLC with a fluorescence detection. Further complicated derivatization and more sensitive detection systems, such as GC-MS and HPLC- electrochemical detector (ECD), were not needed due to high selectivity and high recovery of the extraction procedure. In addition, the urinary total (conjugated plus unconjugated) MHPG content could also be determined by the same procedure after an enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated MHPG. The newly developed extraction procedure was simple, rapid and highly specific, and might be applicable to the analysis of MHPG in various body fluids.

DOI： 10.1248/yakushi1947.116.10_813

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We evaluated cross-sensitization between p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) and p-aminophenol(pAP) or M-phenylenediamine (mPDA) by a modified lymphocyte transformation test. Guinea pigs were sensitized with pPDA using the maximization test procedure. Lymph node cells from the animals were then cultured with pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the presence or absence of epidermal cells (EC). Transformed lymphocyte counts were evaluated by means of 3H-thymidine uptake. Non-sensitized guinea pigs were used as controls. Blastogenesis in lymphocytes from sensitized guinea pigs was enhanced when cultured with pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the absence or presence of EC than without the sensitizers, and the extent of response depended on the concentration of PPDA, pAP or mPDA added to the cultures. Blastogenesis in lymphocytes from control animals was not significantly enhanced in response to pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the presence or absence of EC. The extent of the response to pPDA was greater than that to pAP, which in turn was greater than that to mPDA. In contrast, because pPDA, pAP and mPDA are color developing agents, cross-sensitization between pPDA and pAP or mPDA could not be evaluated by the results of an in vivo challenge due to pigmentation in the patch application sites. The results suggested that there is cross-sensitization between pPDA and pAP or mPDA, and that the modified lymphocyte transformation test is a useful predictive means of detecting cross-sensitization among chemicals, especially for color developing agents.

DOI： 10.1007/s002040050293

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD  

To examine the validity of a modified lymphocyte transformation test for evaluating contact hypersensitivity from weak sensitizers, guinea pigs were sensitized with formaldehyde (F) or tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) using the maximization test procedure. Lymph node cells from the animals were then cultured with F or TMTM, in the presence or absence of epidermal cells (EC). Transformed lymphocyte counts were evaluated by uptake of H-3-thymidine. Nonsensitized guinea pigs were used as controls. The lymphocytes from sensitized guinea pigs showed stronger blastogenesis when cultured with F or TMTM in the presence of EC than when the sensitizers were not added to the culture and the response depended on the concentration of F or TMTM. Cultures in the absence of EC also showed significant enhancement of blastogenesis by F or TMTM, but the responses were significantly weaker than those in the presence of EC. Lymphocytes from the control animals did not show significantly enhanced blastogenesis in response to F or TMTM, even when EC was added to the cultures. The results suggested that contact sensitivity for weak sensitizers can be evaluated by this modified lymphocyte transformation test, especially when lymph node cells were co-cultured with EC.

DOI： 10.1016/0300-483X(95)03117-X

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The concentration and the localization of transforming growth factor (TGF)-α and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of male Wister rats of different ages (postnatal 0 to 10 weeks of age) were examined. Highest levels of TGF-α were seen early, at postnatal day 0; the levels dropped thereafter in an age-dependent manner, while EGF was not detectable before the third postnatal week. Immunoreactive localization of EGF was restricted to the granules of the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells in the mature SMGs, whereas TGF-α was observed throughout postnatal development over the entire duct system. TGF-α was demonstrated in the cytoplasm at early stages when the GCT granules were not observed and was also located on the granules at the late stage, as was the case for EGF, indicating that TGF-α is colocated with EGF in the mature SMG. These results demonstrate the differences between the expression of TGF-α and that of EGF in the developing rat SMG. © 1995 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2774

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for transforming growth factor-a (TGF-α) utilizing a polyclonal antibody that recognizes limited epitopes of both human TGF-α and rat TGF-α in combination with a monoclonal anti-TGF-α IgG1 galactosidase conjugate was developed. This assay shows no cross-reactivity with human epidermal growth factor. We can quantify the TGF-α level in not only human TGF-α (detection limit: 1 pg/ml), but also rat TGF-α (detection limit: 10 pg/ml) by virtue of cross-reactivity. Employing this assay system, we demonstrated that TGF-α is present in both human submandibular glands and submandibular/sublingual saliva. Copyright © 1995 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

DOI： 10.1080/15321819508013569

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) were measured for the first time in the brain (caudate nucleus, putamen and cerebral cortex) from control and parkinsonian patients by highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassays. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, EGF, and TGF-α in the dopaminergic, striatal regions were significantly higher in parkinsonian patients than those in controls, whereas those in the cerebral cortex did not show significant differences between parkinsonian and control subjects. Since these cytokines and growth factors may play important roles as neurotrophic factors in the brain, the present results suggest that they may be produced as compensatory responses in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic regions in Parkinson's disease, and may be related, at least in part, to the process of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. © 1994.

DOI： 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90508-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER VERLAG  

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hippuric acid (HA) was developed using polyclonal anti-HA antibodies. Anti-HA antibodies were obtained by immunizing rabbits with N-benzoyl-cysteine (B-Cys) or N-alpha-benzoyl-lysine (B-Lys). An antibody with highest reactivity to HA was obtained from anti-B-Lys antiserum by affinity chromatography with B-Cys-Sepharose. The ELISA system was composed of solid-phase B-Cys, anti-HA antibody, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antibody. The detection limit of the ELISA for HA was around 1 mu g/ml. The urinary HA concentration determined by the ELISA system correlated well with that obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ELISA system was considered to be useful in the biological monitoring of toluene exposure, and to be more advantageous than time-consuming HPLC, especially when measuring a large number of samples.

DOI： 10.1007/BF00383363

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We previously reported on a patient exposed simultaneously to methyl chloride and chloramine gas who developed metabolic acidosis and permanent blindness [M. Minami et al., Hum Exp Toxicol 11: 27-34, 1992]. The case report suggested the possibility of potentiation of methyl chloride toxicity by chloramine. The potentiating mechanism was investigated by exposing mice to methyl chloride followed by ammonia chloramine, and then the level of formate in urine samples was measured with an enzyme coupling method to detect disturbance of formate metabolism. Mice dosed with 0.05 mL 1.0 mM chloramine after methyl chloride exposure excreted a significantly larger amount of urinary formate than mice treated with only methyl chloride. There was no difference in urinary formate levels between mice treated with only 0.05 mL 1.0 mM chloramine and those given only the vehicle (0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 6.0) for chloramine. The underlying biochemical mechanism of deterioration of formate metabolism was found to be the inhibition of the enzyme, N10-formyl tetrahydrofolate (N10-f-THF) dehydrogenase by 0.56-3.35 muM chloramine in the in vitro experiment using the purified enzyme. Positive control mice, given orally 0.1 mL 10% methanol in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) excreted the same amount of urinary formate as those receiving 0.05 mL 1.0 mM chloramine after methanol administration. This was ascribed to the inhibitory effect of chloramine on formaldehyde dehydrogenase and depletion of substrate for further metabolism. The inhibition of the enzyme by chloramine (2.7-100.8 muM) was confirmed by in vitro experiments, using the purified enzyme, formaldehyde dehydrogenase.

DOI： 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90250-Z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：VSP BV  

The central nervous system is considered to be implicated even in the acute phase of exposure to organic nitrates. Brain dialysis appears to be applicable for confirming the acute effect of these drugs. Accordingly, in this study, the striatum of rats which had received organic nitrate intraperitoneally was perfused with saline and dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) in the dialysate were assayed by the HPLC method. Increases of DA released from the striatum were detected in the dialysate after administration of the organic nitrates; glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), and isosorbide (ISDN). The striatal DA release in the perfusate, which was attenuated by tetrodotoxin (TTX) infusion and by calcium depletion, was dependent on neural action potential and on calcium uptake into the nerve cell.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A housewife cleaned toilet porcelain connected directly to a sewage storage tank with a mixture of cleaning agents
sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. She complained of insomnia on the night after cleaning and suffered from severe metabolic acidosis with extremely low blood pH, PCO2 and bicarbonate values. She recovered from the acidosis after bicarbonate transfusion, plasmapheresis and plasma exchange. Permanent blindness ensued, however, from the third day after the event. These clinical symptoms suggested that the toxic substances responsible were chloramine and methyl chloride. Their generation was confirmed by in-vitro experiments, mixing NaOCl, HCl and pooled urine from normal people. In the simulation, the methyl chloride level far exceeded (100 000 ppm) the maximal allowable concentration recommended (ca 400 ppm) by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Chloramine's toxic actions were confirmed using purified enzyme assay, and the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and the enhancement of superoxide dismutase activity were confirmed in neutral pH. The patient's clinical symptoms suggested that insomnia and permanent blindness seemed to be partly ascribable to chronic repetitive exposure to methyl chloride
catching a cold, drug intake and alcohol intake, in addition, precipitated the patient's visual loss. The possibility of this kind of intoxication with such a mixture of agents may lie latent in any situation where sewage or garbage are exposed to the open air. © 1992, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1177/096032719201100104

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：VSP BV  

To assess the usefulness of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in blood plasma as an indicator of sympathetic nervous activity, the relationship between plasma DOPA and indicators of circulatory function being closely related to the sympathetic tone was investigated in young male subjects with loading an ergometer exercise for 5 minutes. Two experimental protocols were administered; 1) one to detect the relationship between the plasma DOPA level and the sympathetic tone expressed in circulatory function indicators and 2) the other to confirm the relationship between the plasma noradrenaline (NA) level and the sympathetic tone. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with regard to the two factors affecting data variance. namely time and the person (individual variation) factors. The time factor was considered relative to the exercise load. The data variances in circulatory indicators and plasma NA were affected by both of the factors, but that in plasma DOPA was affected only by the enormous variation in the basal DOPA levels among individuals. Circulatory indicators such as heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and plasma NA changes against time showed a concomitant trend and those levels increased during exercise. Plasma DOPA levels increased a little only 2 minutes after completion of the exercise. An index derived from a calculation using the ratios of systolic blood pressure and heart rate to the respective basal level at 0 time seemed to express sympathetic tone, and the latter increased proportionally to the ratio of plasma NA to its basal value when the latter was within 4.6 times above the basal value. The trend of sympathetic tone became inversely proportional to the NA ratio, if the latter was more than 4.6 times the basal value. There was no special relationship suggesting functional expression between plasma DOPA and the index of sympathetic tone.

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We investigated the effect of 1-0-octadecyl-2–0-methyl-sn-gIycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-I8-OCH3), an alkyl-lysophospholipid, on the uptake of estrogen, the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF) a and the content of progesterone receptors (PRs) in the hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. The uptake of labeled estradiol by MCF-7 was dose dependently decreased by 12 h pretreatment with 10–25 Mg/ml ET-I8-OCH3, and this suppression occurred prior to the onset of the inhibitory action of ET-I8-OCH3 on MCF-7 growth. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that ET-I8-OCH3 reduced the number of estrogen receptors in MCF-7 without affecting their affinity. Both the secretion of TGF-α from MCF-7 into the conditioned medium and the PR content of MCF-7 were decreased by 48 h treatment with 10 Mg/ml ET-I8-OCH3. The estradiol uptake, the TGF-a secretion, and the PR content were not affected by platelet-activating factor, lyso-PAF, and palmitoyl-lysophos-phatidylcholine, all at 10 μg/ml. These results suggest that the reduction of estrogen receptor level induced by ET-I8-OCH3 resulted in decreases in both the secretion of TGF-a and the content of PR in MCF-7, and these effects are specific to ET-I8-OCH3. We concluded that these effects of ET-I8-OCH3 may lead, at least partly, to its antitumor action in hormone-dependent breast cancer cell lines. © 1990, American Association for Cancer Research. All rights reserved.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS  

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for human transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) was developed in combination with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Employing this assay system, we detected TGFα like activity in normal human plasma as well as in cancer patients' urine and plasma. These TGFα were analyzed by chromatography, immunoreactivity, and EGF-TGFα receptor binding assay and found to be identical to authentic human TGFα. The presence of TGFα circulating in normal adult plasma suggests a new role of TGFα in the human body. © 1990.

DOI： 10.1016/0006-291X(90)90631-V

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human TGFα was established utilizing monoclonal and polyclonal anti-synthetic human TGFα antibodies with defined epitopes. A polyclonal antibody which was raised in a rabbit and affinity purified by C terminal peptide (hTGFα(34-50)) recognized both intact and denatured human TGFα. Murine monoclonal antibodies isolated bound only to the denatured form of TGFα at the second loop (hTGFα(16-33)). However, the rabbit antibody was found to induce a conformation change of intact TGFα and the resultant immunocomplex was recognized by monoclonal antibodies. By virtue of this property, the ELISA could detect both native and denatured TGFα with the same efficiency with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml. Human EGF did not interfere with the ELISA. Production of TGFα in several transformed human cell lines was quantitatively examined. Some cell lines were found to secrete TGFα, but the production rate was very low, except one melanoma, suggesting that TGFα may function only locally in a very limited area in vivo. © 1990.

DOI： 10.1016/0022-1759(90)90460-D

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was established by using purified human serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) as a standard protein and a monospecific polyclonal antibody raised against human DBH purified from human pheochromocytoma. The EIA was applied to measuring DBH levels in human CSF from Parkinsonian patients and control patients devoid of neurological diseases. The control group had DBH content of 21.1 ± 3.1 ng/ml CSF and DBH activity of 24.0 ± 3.7 μ U/ml CSF, and Parkinsonian group 3.3 μ 0.7 ng/ml CSF (16% of control) and 4.6 ± 0.7 μU/ml CSF (19% of control) (mean ± SEM). Thus, both DBH content and DBH activity in CSF were reduced in Parkinsonian patients to less than 20% of the control values (P $ ̌0.005). However, the specific activity (units of enzyme activity/mg of DBH protein) in CSF of Parkinsonian patients was similar to that of control patients. These results suggest that the reduced DBH activity in CSF from Parkinsonian patients is caused by a reduction in DBH protein content, and is not due to production of an inactive form of DBH, for example, by combining with endogenous inhibitor(s). These data support our previous findings that DBH activities in the Parkinsonian brain and CSF are decreased. © 1988.

DOI： 10.1016/0197-0186(88)90126-X

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：UNIV TOKYO JPN J OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE  

This paper describes two rat monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)(1A6 and 2H7, both IgG2a) directed against a human adenocarcinoma of the lung (A549). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunocytochemistry (Avidin-Biotin-complex method) as the screening of the hybridoma cells revealed that 1A6 and 2H7 MAb mainly reacted with adenocarcinoma of the lung, breast and pancreas, and 2H7 MAb also recognized large cell carcinoma, epithelia of the lung, trachea, tongue or small cell carcinoma of the lung. The antigen molecules recognized by 1A6 MAb was not detected by immunoprecipitation but the molecular size of the antigen by 2H7 was ca. 40Kd. The antibody-producing heterohybridoma cells could be transplanted into peritoneal cavities of nude mice to form ascites. We found these monoclonals useful for immunohistodiagnosis of surgical specimens from patients with lung caner. Furthermore, we utilized125I-labeled 2H7 MAb, aiming at localizing A549 tumor mass transplanted into nude mice subcutaneously. This antibody clearly localized the tumor mass. It is suggested that they may be useful as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We explored the population of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) containing cells in order to clarify their cell surface phenotypic markers. Here we define γ-IFN containing cells as γ-IFN plaque forming cells (PFC). By this method, it was found that IFN-γ containing cells consist of two cell fractions, i.e., OKT3+, OKT4+, and OKT8-cells and OKMl+cells. Effective IFN-γ production seems to require participation of plastic-adherent cells (presumably monocytes), while the addition of cyclosporin A (CyA) almost completely blocked generation of human IFN-γ. To characterize Con A-stimulated IFN-γ containing cells, we performed two-color flow cytometry using FACS IV. Most of the IFN-γ containing cells have surface phenotypic markers for Leu3, Leu8, Leu 15, HLA-DR, and IL-2 receptors, but most lack markers for Leu2 and Leu7. Interestingly, most of Leu3+and IL-2 receptor+cells belong to the dimly illuminating cell fractions of the IFN-γ containing cell population. Our results indicate that IFN-γ containing cells are heterogeneous with respect to surface phenotypic markers but the predominant IFN-γ containing cell type is the helper T cell (OKT4+). Lastly, OK432, glycyrrhizin, and CCA (lobenzarit disodium) increase the number of IFN-γ containing cells and are thought to be immunomodulators. © 1986, Center For Academic Publications Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1986.tb03034.x

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

改良したタバコ煙採取法を含む喫煙防止教育プログラムについて検討した。改良したタバコ煙採取装置は、主流煙と副流煙を同時に採取でき、採取時にタバコ煙の曝露がない。また、有害ガスの検知を検知管法に加えて呈色反応を取り入れ、視覚的に有害ガスの存在を捉えることを追加した。加濃式社会的ニコチン依存度(KTSND)は、講義中に実習を行ったI群では、講義後及び1ヵ月後に得点が有意に低下したが、実習を行わないII群では、講義前後のみ有意差を認めた。アンケートで、I群では「タバコを吸うこと自体が病気である」、「タバコはストレスを解消する作用がある」、「タバコは喫煙者の頭の働きを高める」、「灰皿が置かれている場所は、喫煙できる場所である」で有意差を認めたが、II群では「灰皿が置かれている場所は、喫煙できる場所である」のみであった。

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.69.235

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本呼吸器学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本呼吸器学会  

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In order to explore the effect of a forest trip on human sleep, we performed continuous monitoring with an accelerometer, including during forest visits. Methods: Twelve healthy male office workers in Tokyo, aged 37 to 55 years old, were selected for the study after obtaining their informed consent. The subjects undertook a three-day/two-night trip to three different forest fields. On the first day, they walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; on the second day, they walked for two hours in the morning and in the afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields. An accelerometer was used to monitor the duration of sleep and the daily physical activity level. Results: Significant increase of the sleep time during the forest bathing trip was recognized as compared with that noted before the trip. In addition, there was also a significant increase of the daily physical activity during the trip as compared with that after the trip. Conclusions: The authors speculate that the forest bathing trip might have had a beneficial effect on the sleep time, irrespective of the daily physical activity level.© 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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We previously reported that the forest environment enhanced human natural killer (NK) activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular levels of anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after trips to forests in both male and female subjects. To explore the factors in the forest environment that activated human NK cells, we investigated the effect of essential oils from trees on human immune function both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, we investigatedthe effect of 8 kinds of phytoncides (wood essential oil) on NK activity and the expression of perforin, granzyme A (GrA) and granulysin (GRN) in human NK cells. We found that phytoncides significantly increased NK activity in a dose-dependent manner and significantly increased the expression of perforin, GrA and GRN. The phytoncides also partially restored NK activity and perforin, GrA and GRN levels reduced by DDVP. We found that pretreatment with phytoncides partially prevented the DDVP-induced inhibition of NK activity. These findings suggest that phytoncides can increase human NK activity. In the in vivo study, twelve healthy male subjects, aged 37-60 years, were put up in urban hotel for 3 nights. Aromatic volatile substances (phytoncides) were produced by vaporizing Chamaecyparis obtusa stem oil with a humidifier in the hotel room during the night. Blood was sampled on the last day and urine was sampled every day during the stay. Similar control measurements were made before the stay on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in hotel room air were measured. Phytoncide exposure significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, GRN, and GrA/B-expressing cells, and significantly decreased the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. These findings indicate that phytoncide exposure and decreased stress hormone levels partially contribute to increased NK activity. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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We used the POMS test to investigate the psychological effects of trips to a forest in both males and females. Methods: Three experiments were conducted. 1) Twelve healthy male subjects, aged 37-55 years, and 13 healthy female subjects, aged 25-43 years, experienced a threeday/ two-night trip to forest fields. On day 1, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a field; and on day 2, they walked for two hours each in the morning and afternoon, at two different fields. 2) Sixteen healthy males, aged 36-77 years, experienced day trips to an urban area and a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo. They walked for two hours each in the morning and afternoon, in the forest park/ urban area on a Sunday. 3) 53 and 98 subjects experienced a 2-hour walk in a forest field and a city park, respectively. The POMS test was conducted before, during, and after the trip/walk. Results: The three-day excursion significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for anxiety, depression and anger in males; and significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion in females. The day trip to the forest park or urban area also significantly decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, and confusion; however, only the trip to the forest park significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for fatigue in male subjects. The 2-hour walk in a city park with a good density of trees or in a forest field also significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion in both male and female subjects. Conclusions: Walking significantly decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion; however only walking in forest fields, not in a city area, significantly increased the score for vigor. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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To investigate the effects of forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age: 57.4±11.6 years) were selected after obtaining informed consent. The subjects took day trips to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo and to an urban area of Tokyo as a control in September 2010. On both trips, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon on a Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled on the morning before each trip and after each trip. Blood pressure was measured on the morning (0800) before each trip, at noon (1300), in the afternoon (1600) during each trip, and on the morning (0800) after each trip. The day trip to the forest park significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline and dopamine levels and significantly increased serum adiponectin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. Walking exercise also reduced the levels of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), blood HbA1c and urinary dopamine. However, forest environments did not affect the levels of triglycerides, total Cho, LDL-Cho, HDL-Cho, RLP-Cho, insulin, or hs-CRP in serum, blood glucose, or hematological parameters. Taken together, habitual walking in forest environments may lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity and have beneficial effects on blood adiponectin and DHEA-S levels, and habitual walking exercise may have beneficial effects on blood NT-proBNP levels.© 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(独)労働安全衛生総合研究所  

ETBEは自動車のバイオ燃料として使用されており,現在その使用量がそれほど多くないが,増加している傾向である.本研究はETBEによる免疫毒性を検討する目的でまずはETBEによる脾臓細胞への影響を検討した.C57BL/6Jと129/SV雄性マウスは6時間/日,5日/週のスケジュールで0ppm(対照),500ppm,1,750ppmおよび5,000ppmのETBEにそれぞれ6と13週間吸入ばく露し,最終ばく露の20時間後に解剖して脾臓を採取し,脾細胞を調製し,Flow cytometry法を用いて以下の脾細胞表面マーカーを測定・解析した.(1)T細胞(PerCP-Cy5.5-CD3e),(2)T細胞サブセット(FITC-CD4とPE-CD8a),(3)B細胞(PerCP-Cy5.5-CD45R/B220),(4)NK細胞(PE-NK1.1)及び(5)マクロファージ(FITC-CD11b).末梢血Hb濃度,赤血球数,白血球数,血小板,体重及び脾臓対体重比も測定した.その結果,ETBEばく露は一時的に末梢血Hb濃度,赤血球数を増加させたが,体重及び脾臓対体重比には影響を及ぼさなかった.ETBEばく露は,ばく露量に依存して脾臓CD3+T細胞,CD4+T細胞,CD8+T細胞,CD4+T細胞陽性率及びCD4+/CD8+T細胞比を有意に減少させることが明らかとなった.一方でETBEばく露は,脾臓NK細胞,B細胞,マクロファージ及び脾臓細胞総数に影響を及ぼさなかった.結論として本研究は,ETBE単独ばく露による免疫毒性を初めて明らかにしたと共に,ETBEが選択的にマウス脾臓T細胞数を減少させることが判明した.(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)東京医学社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本呼吸器学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本成人病(生活習慣病)学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

コットン以外の素材を用いた唾液採取器具(サリソフト及びサリキッズ)を考案し、その考案したサリソフト吸収体の唾液の採取量や唾液のpHの変動への影響等の基礎的な検討を行った。さらに、喫煙の曝露評価に用いられている唾液中Cotinineや唾液に存在しているステロイドホルモンであるCortisol、DHEA及びTestosteroneの測定を行い、考案した唾液吸収体の有用性の検討を行った。ポリプロピレンとポリエチレンの重合体を素材とした吸収体を用いた唾液採取器具サリソフトは、唾液が充分に採取でき、唾液pHの変動に影響を及ぼさず、唾液中のCotinineやCortisol等のステロイドホルモン等の測定に適していることが示された。

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.811

CiNii Books

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00337274273?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本医科大学医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

新たに考案した方法によるタバコ煙中のガス成分分析を追加して,その有効性を検討した.主流煙をシリンジで取り込む時間と副流煙の採取時間を決定する実験を行い,次に,銘柄別の主流煙,副流煙中のガス濃度比較を行った.吸い込み時間が長くなるにしたがい,濃度は低くなった.60秒間の副流煙の採取が30秒間に比べて各ガス共に濃度が高かった.主流煙はNH3とNO2を除いたどのガスにおいても,ルーシアシトラスフレッシュメンソールが他の銘柄よりも濃度が高かった.特に,HCHOやCH3CHOはこの検知管の測定上限を越えた.副流煙ではHCNとNO2はどの銘柄でも検出されなかった.マイルドセブンスーパーライトは他の3種類と比べ各ガスの濃度が最も高かった.実習を行った学生101名中,95名より実習後の回答があった.回答者中,喫煙者は男性のみ11名であった.性別または喫煙習慣別と喫煙者やタバコに対する考え方の変化との間に関連性は認めなかった

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.60.355

CiNii Books

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00255560304?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

中国製ダイエット用健康食品に含まれるN-ニトロソフェンフルラミン(NFF)は,劇症肝炎,急性肝炎などの重篤な肝臓障害を起こす.光学活性カラムを用いたHPLCによるNFFの光学純度の決定法を確立し,肝障害患者が服用していた中国製ダイエット食品中のNFFの光学純度を決定した.死亡肝障害患者が服用していた中国製ダイエット食品中にはNFFのS体のみが検出され,R体は2%未満であった.他の10種類の中国製ダイエット食品中においても,全てのサンプルでほぼS体のみのNFFが検出された

DOI： 10.1248/yakushi.123.805

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00003948044

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00001990348

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

MHPGは中性の化合物である為,他の尿中カテコールアミン類(CAs)酸性代謝物と同様の方法では十分な回収率と特異性が得られなかった.しかし,順相系の固定相であるSep-Pak Diolによって保持され,酢酸エチルによる有機溶媒抽出によって尿中の他のCAs代謝物と完全に分離し測定することができた

DOI： 10.1248/yakushi1947.116.10_813

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

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