Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) is the major components of PM2.5, and much attention has focused on PM2.5 in relation to adverse health effects, and many pulmonary diseases. In the present study, we used a human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) line to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of erythromycin (EM) and EM703 - a new derivative of erythromycin without antibacterial effects on the expressions of IL-8 caused by DEP exposure. DEP showed a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on IL-8 product in HBEC. Increases of IL-8 expression by DEP stimulation were significantly blocked by both EM and EM703 pretreatment. Furthermore, NF-kappa B and Nrf2 activation, the antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, NQO-1 mRNA expression were increased by DEP exposure and these increases were blocked by both of EM and EM703 pretreatment. Our results suggest that, EM and EM703 may have an inhibitory effect on expression inflammatory cytokines in HBEC induced by DEP not only as an anti-inflammation but also an antioxidant drug. EM and EM703 might contribute to chemical prevention of the risk of pulmonary diseases induced by oxidative stress from environmental pollutant, such as DEP. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.12.010

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We previously found that forest environments reduced stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline and showed the relaxing effect both in male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of walking under forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age 57.4 +/- 11.6 years) were selected after obtaining informed consent. The subjects took day trips to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo and to an urban area of Tokyo as a control in September 2010. On both trips, they walked for 2 h in the morning and afternoon on a Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled on the morning before each trip and after each trip. Blood pressure was measured on the morning (0800) before each trip, at noon (1300), in the afternoon (1600) during each trip, and on the morning (0800) after each trip. The day trip to the forest park significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline and dopamine levels and significantly increased serum adiponectin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. Walking exercise also reduced the levels of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and urinary dopamine. Taken together, habitual walking in forest environments may lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity and have beneficial effects on blood adiponectin and DHEA-S levels, and habitual walking exercise may have beneficial effects on blood NT-proBNP levels.

DOI： 10.1007/s00421-011-1918-z

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

Fenitrothion (FNT) is used throughout the world as an insecticide in agriculture. To investigate the effect of FNT on the splenocytes and the underlying mechanism, FNT and its main metabolite, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP), were administered orally to Wistar rats in daily doses of 0, 5 and 10 mg/kg, 4-5 days/week for 9 weeks. Splenocytes were harvested from control and exposed rats, and the following cell phenotypes were quantified by flow cytometry: (1) B cells (PE-CD45RA), (2) T cells (FITC-CD3), (3) T cell subsets (PE-CD4 and PerCP-CD8), (4) natural killer (NK) cells (FITC-CD161a), (5) macrophages (FITC-CD11b), and (6) granulocyte (PE-granulocyte). Body weight, weight of the spleen, and histopathological alterations of spleens were also examined. The percentage of splenic CD8+ T cells and the ratio of CD8/CD4 in the group receiving 10 mg/kg FNT, and the percentages of splenic CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in the group receiving 10 mg/kg MNP were significantly decreased compared with those in the controls. FNT exposure also significantly decreased the weight of the spleen and body weight. In addition, apoptotic lymphocytes in spleen were observed in FNT-exposed rats under transmission electron microscope. However, FNT and MNP exposures did not affect splenic NK cells, B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. The above findings indicate that FNT and MNP may selectively affect splenic T cells in rats.

DOI： 10.1177/0960327110377525

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that 2-night/3-day trips to forest parks enhanced human NK activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that this increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in both male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a day trip to a forest park on human INK activity in male subjects. Twelve healthy male subjects, aged 35-53 years, were selected after giving informed consent. The subjects experienced a day trip to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo. They walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in the forest park on Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled in the morning of the following day and 7 days after the trip, and the NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes, the concentration of cortisol in blood samples, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a weekend day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in the forest were measured. The day trip to the forest park significantly increased INK activity and the numbers of CD16(+) and CD56(+) NK cells, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing NK cells and significantly decreased CD4(+) T cells, the concentrations of cortisol in the blood and adrenaline in urine. The increased INK activity lasted for 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides, such as isoprene, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene, were detected in the forest air. These findings indicate that the day trip to the forest park also increased the NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted for at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

Gr3 is reported to play an important role in defense against viral infection. Although it is known that Gr3 is synthesized as a proenzyme and activated in the cytotoxic granules of NK cells and CTL, the activation mechanism is not clearly understood. In an attempt to analyze the activation mechanism of human Gr3, a recombinant pro-Gr3 was expressed in the periplasm of E. coli and purified to homogeneity. On SDS-PAGE the recombinant pro-Gr3 showed a slightly higher molecular weight than the enzymatically active Gr3, because the former possesses a small propeptide at its N-terminal. The recombinant pro-Gr3 was enzymatically inactive. It could be activated by treatment with cathepsin C, which concomitantly decreased the molecular weight to that of active Gr3. The proteolytic reaction of cathepsin C did not continue after one dipeptide had been removed, indicating that the recombinant pro-Gr3 had the native conformation without any refolding process. The recombinant pro-Gr3 would be a valuable tool for analyzing the activation mechanism and exploring other activating enzymes besides cathepsin C.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00187.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that the forest environment enhanced human natural killer (NK) cell activity, the number of NK ceIls, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after trips to forests both in male and female subjects. To explore the factors in the forest environment that activated human NK cells, in the present study we investigate the effect of essential oils from trees on human immune function in twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-60 years, who stayed at an urban hotel for 3 nights from 7.00p.m. to 8.00a.m. Aromatic volatile substances (phytoncides) were produced by vaporizing Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki cypress) stem oil with a humidifier in the hotel room during the night stay. Blood samples were taken on the last day and urine samples were analysed every day during the stay. NK activity, the percentages of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes in blood, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine were measured. Similar control measurements were made before the stay on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in the hotel room air were measured. Phytoncide exposure significantly increased NK activity and the percentages of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells, and significantly decreased the percentage of T cells, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, were detected in the hotel room air. These findings indicate that phytoncide exposure and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to increased NK activity.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Hygiene  

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a new salivary collection device (φ10 mm × 25 mm) made of polypropylene and polyethylene polymers (Salisoft^®).<br> Method: Experiment 1; We measured the absorption capacity of the new device by two methods. Next, we examined whether the device affected the pH of 0.1 M NaHCO₃ solution (pH 8.7) and 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). Experiment 2; We compared three saliva collection methods: by passive drool, using a cotton device (Salivette^®), and using the new device. Saliva samples were collected from twelve men (average age, 31.5 ± 17.1 years). Saliva samples were assayed for cotinine, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone concentrations by enzyme immunoassay, and the pH of saliva samples were measured.<br> Results: After this device was put in the mouth for one minute, 1.28 ± 0.13 mL (mean ± SD, N = 6) of saliva samples were obtained. The mean pHs of saliva samples collected using Salisoft^® and by passive drool did not differ significantly, whereas that of saliva samples collected with Salivette^® was significantly low. Saliva samples collected with Salisoft^® and those obtained by passive drool did not show significant differences in the concentrations of cotinine, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone. Moreover, significant positive correlations were noted between the concentrations in saliva samples collected with Salisoft^® and those in saliva samples collected by passive drool.<br> Conclusion: This new device was shown to be suitable for saliva collection for the determination of the concentrations of cotinine and some steroids by enzyme immunoassay.<br>

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.811

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00337274273?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Background: Perceived good health or good self-rated health is considered to be a predictor of longer Survival and maintenance of good quality of life, which is a public health goal.
Objective: This Study assessed trends in the percentage of self-rated poor health among Japanese residents, based on data from the National Comprehensive Survey of the Living Conditions of People on Health and Welfare.
Methods: Results of the survey (which is conducted in Japan every 3 years to determine the living conditions of people receiving health and welfare services) were analyzed using multistage and stratified Cluster sampling Of households. Self-rated health was measured by response to the question, "Recently, would you say that in general your health has been good, fairly good, fair, fairly poor, or poor?" The trend in fairly poor or poor health status during the period from 1989 through 2004 was stratified by sex and age group.
Results: The rates of response to the survey were 90.9% (246,892/271,588) in 1995 and 79.8% (220,836/276,682) in 2004. Target Subjects were aged &gt;= 20 years in each year of the Study. The prevalence of self-reported fairly poor or poor health was lowest in 1995 and then increased every year until 2001, when it appeared to reach a plateau. The prevalence of having fairly poor or poor health among women aged 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 to 74 years were as follows in 1995: 9.2%, 11.7%, 15.3%, and 19.8%, respectively. In 2004, the rates were 13.3%, 17.2%, 22.1%, and 31.7%, respectively. By comparison, the prevalence of self-reported fairly poor or poor health was 8.1%, 9.3%, 13.7%, and 17.9% among men aged 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 to 74 years, respectively, in 1995. In 2004, these rates were 12.8%, 14.8%, 19.0%, and 27.9%, respectively.
Conclusions: In this survey, conducted every 3 years between 1989 and 2004 in Japanese households, older subjects had a greater prevalence of self-reported fairly poor or poor health than did Younger subjects. The proportion of respondents who described their health as poor or fairly poor was highest in 1995. Women generally had a greater prevalence of self-reported poor or fairly poor health. (Gend Med. 2009;6:329-334) (C) 2009 Excerpta Medica Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.genm.2009.04.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BIOLIFE SAS  

We previously reported that a forest bathing trip enhanced human NK activity, number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes. In the present study, we investigated how long the increased NK activity lasts and compared the effect of a forest bathing trip on NK activity with a trip to places in a city without forests. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 35-56 years, were selected with informed consent. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip to forest fields and to a city, in which activity levels during both trips were matched. On day 1, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on day 2, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields; and on day 3, the subjects finished the trip and returned to Tokyo after drawing blood samples and completing the questionnaire. Blood and urine were sampled on the second and third days during the trips, and on days 7 and 30 after the trip, and NK activity, numbers of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing lymphocytes in the blood samples,, and the concentration of adrenaline in urine were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trips on a normal working day as the control. Phytoncide concentrations in forest and city air were measured. The forest bathing trip significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells and significantly decreased the concentration of adrenaline in urine. The increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip. In contrast, a city tourist visit did not increase NK activity, numbers of NK cells, nor the expression of selected intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and did not decrease the concentration of adrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were detected in forest air, but almost not in city air. These findings indicate that a forest bathing trip increased NK activity, number of NK cells, and levels of intracellular anti-cancer proteins, and that this effect lasted at least 7 days after the trip. Phytoncides released from trees and decreased stress hormone may partially contribute to the increased NK activity.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Objective. It is well documented that natural killer (NK) cells provide host defense against tumors and viruses. We previously showed that lifestyle affects human NK and LAK activities. In order to explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the effect of lifestyle on intracellular perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL).
Methods. 114 healthy male subjects, aged 20-59 years, from a large company in Osaka, Japan were selected with informed consent. The subjects were divided into groups reporting good, moderate, and poor lifestyles according to their responses on a questionnaire regarding eight health practices (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, working hours, physical exercise, eating breakfast, balanced nutrition, and mental stress). Peripheral blood was taken, and numbers of NK, T, perform, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL were measured by flow cytometry.
Results. Subjects with good or moderate lifestyle showed significantly higher numbers of NK, and perform, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells and a significantly lower number of T cells in PBL than subjects with poor lifestyle. Among the eight health practices, cigarette smoking, physical exercise, eating breakfast, and balanced nutrition significantly affect the numbers of NK, T cells, perform, granulysin, and/or granzymes A/B-expressing cells, and alcohol consumption significantly affects the number of granzyme A-expressing cells. On the other hand, mental stress, sleeping, and working hours had no effect on those parameters.
Conclusions. Taken together, these findings indicate that poor lifestyle significantly decreases the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.017

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DOI： 10.1016/j.abb.2005.12.001

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Background: Fourteen-membered ring macrolides have been effective in reducing chronic airway inflammation and also preventing lung injury and fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice via anti-inflammatory effects. EM703 is a new derivative of erythromycin (EM) without the bactericidal effects. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of EM703 in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung injury and subsequent fibrosis in mice. Methods: Seven-week-old male ICR mice were used. All experiments used eight mice/group, unless otherwise noted in the figure legends. Bleomycin was administered intravenously to the mice on day 0. EM703 was orally administered daily to mice. All groups were examined for cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and for induction of messenger RNA (mRNA) of Smad3 and Smad4 in the lung tissues by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chainreaction (PCR) on day 7. Fibroblastic foci were assessed histologically, and the hydroxyproline content was chemically determined in the lung tissues on day 28. We performed assay of proliferation and soluble collagen production, and examined the induction of mRNA of Smad3 and Smad4 by RTPCR in murine lung fibroblast cell line MLg2908. We also examined Smad3, Smad4 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) protein assay by western blotting in MLg2908. Results: Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, and the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the airspace were inhibited by EM703. The expression of Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA was clearly attenuated by bleomycin, but was recovered by EM703. EM703 also inhibited fibroblast proliferation and the collagen production in lung fibroblasts induced by Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The expression of Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA in murine lung fibroblasts disappeared due to TGF-β, but was recovered by EM703. EM703 inhibited the expression of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 protein in murine lung fibroblasts induced by TGF-β. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EM703 improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by actions of anti-inflammation and regulation of TGF-β signaling in lung fibroblasts. © 2006 Li et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

DOI： 10.1186/1465-9921-7-16

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

DOI： 10.1186/1465-9921-7-16

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS  

More than 5,000 passengers on Tokyo subway trains were injured with toxic chemicals including the nerve gas "sarin" on March 20, 1995. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of satin exposure on insomnia in a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire concerning sleep-related items was distributed to victims of sarin exposure in October and November, 2003. Questionnaires were completed by 161 of the 163 participants (98.8%), who were selected from 1,500 subjects. Among them, the authors selected 75 women 30 to 69 years of age. Control participants were collected from inhabitants living in Maebachi City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. For the younger exposed group (under 50 yr. of age), percentages of poor sleep, difficulty falling asleep, intermittent awakening, early morning awakening, a feeling of light overnight sleep, and insomnia were significantly higher than those for the control group. In contrast, the older exposed group (ages 50 to 69 years) had significantly higher prevalence of poor sleep, a feeling of light overnight sleep, and early morning awakening for the exposed group when compared with the control group. The high prevalence of insomnia and insomnia-related factors for victims especially under 50 years of age suggests a need for research on sleep quality after satin exposure. Although posttraumatic stress disorder is assumed to be a psychological effect of exposure to a toxic substance, a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established.

DOI： 10.2466/pms.100.3c.1121-1126

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We previously reported that the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) among victims of the Tokyo subway sarin disaster was significantly higher than that of controls 2-3 months after the disaster. It has been reported that the victims were also exposed to the by-products generated during sarin synthesis, i.e., diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), diethyl methylphosphonate (DEMP) and N,N-diethylaniline (DEA) during the disaster and we previously found that DIMP, DEMP and DEA induced a significant SCE increase in human lymphocytes in vitro. To monitor the genetic aftereffects of the sarin exposure, SCEs of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured in fire fighters and police officers involved in the disaster 3 years after the event. We found that the frequency of SCEs was still significantly higher in the exposed subjects than the controls, suggesting a risk of the genetic aftereffects of the sarin exposure. We further found a significant positive correlation between the frequency of SCEs and the inhibition of serum cholinesterase activity in the exposed subjects, suggesting that the elevated frequency of SCEs is related to the sarin exposure. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in natural killer activity between the exposed and the controls. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tox.2004.04.014

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We previously found that N,N-diethylaniline increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) of human lymphocytes to about five times that of the control value, and was as toxic as cyclophosphamide used as a positive control for SCE. To explore whether N,N-diethylaniline affects the function of lymphocytes, we evaluated its immunotoxicity using CBA/N mice. The mice were divided into four groups and received 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg body weight of N,N-diethylaniline by subcutaneous injection. The following items were investigated on days 3 and 7 after injection: body weight, weight of spleen, number of splenocytes, natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities, and concanavalin A (Con A)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation using splenocytes. The following splenocyte phenotypes were also quantified by flow cytometry: (1) B cells
(2) total T cells
(3) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
(4) NK
(5) macrophages and (6) nucleated erythrocytes. The splenic NK and CTL activities in exposed groups significantly decreased compared to the control in a dose-dependent manner and lymphocytes from the 200 and 400 mg/kg groups showed significantly higher spontaneous proliferation. The weight of the spleen and number of splenocytes were significantly higher in exposed groups than in the control. N,N-Diethylaniline also increased the percentages of macrophages, nucleated erythrocytes and B cells in the spleen. On the other hand, N,N-diethylaniline did not affect LPS-stimulated B cell and Con A-stimulated T cell proliferation, or the percentages of NK, total T, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen or the body weight of mice. The above findings indicated that N,N-diethylaniline selectively inhibited splenic NK and CTL activity and this inhibition was due to decreased NK and CTL functions, but not due to changes in the numbers of splenic NK and T cells. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00247-X

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More than 5000 passengers on Tokyo subway trains were injured by the nerve gas, sarin and its by-products. Analysis of phosphor-carrying metabolites of sarin and its by-products in urine samples from the victims suggested that they were exposed not only to sarin, but also by-products generated during sarin synthesis, i.e. diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) and diethyl methylphosphonate (DEMP). We suspected genetic after-effects due to sarin by-products, thus, we checked the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and found that SCE was significantly higher in the victims than in a control group, and that DIMP and DEMP significantly induced human lymphocyte SCE in vitro. In the present study, to explore whether DIMP and DEMP, which induced a high frequency of SCE of lymphocytes, also affected the lymphocyte functions, we examined the effect of DIMP and DEMP on splenic natural killer (NK) and splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in mice, and NK activity of human lymphocytes in vitro. We found that DIMP and DEMP significantly inhibited NK and CTL activity in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition induced by DIMP was stronger than that by DEMP. The effect of DIMP and DEMP on the splenic NK activity of mice was stronger than on the splenic CTL activity, and the human lymphocytes is more sensitive to DIMP and DEMP than the splenocytes of mice. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00174-8

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：WILEY  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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改良したタバコ煙採取法を含む喫煙防止教育プログラムについて検討した。改良したタバコ煙採取装置は、主流煙と副流煙を同時に採取でき、採取時にタバコ煙の曝露がない。また、有害ガスの検知を検知管法に加えて呈色反応を取り入れ、視覚的に有害ガスの存在を捉えることを追加した。加濃式社会的ニコチン依存度(KTSND)は、講義中に実習を行ったI群では、講義後及び1ヵ月後に得点が有意に低下したが、実習を行わないII群では、講義前後のみ有意差を認めた。アンケートで、I群では「タバコを吸うこと自体が病気である」、「タバコはストレスを解消する作用がある」、「タバコは喫煙者の頭の働きを高める」、「灰皿が置かれている場所は、喫煙できる場所である」で有意差を認めたが、II群では「灰皿が置かれている場所は、喫煙できる場所である」のみであった。

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.69.235

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We previously reported that the forest environment enhanced human natural killer (NK) activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular levels of anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after trips to forests in both male and female subjects. To explore the factors in the forest environment that activated human NK cells, we investigated the effect of essential oils from trees on human immune function both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, we investigatedthe effect of 8 kinds of phytoncides (wood essential oil) on NK activity and the expression of perforin, granzyme A (GrA) and granulysin (GRN) in human NK cells. We found that phytoncides significantly increased NK activity in a dose-dependent manner and significantly increased the expression of perforin, GrA and GRN. The phytoncides also partially restored NK activity and perforin, GrA and GRN levels reduced by DDVP. We found that pretreatment with phytoncides partially prevented the DDVP-induced inhibition of NK activity. These findings suggest that phytoncides can increase human NK activity. In the in vivo study, twelve healthy male subjects, aged 37-60 years, were put up in urban hotel for 3 nights. Aromatic volatile substances (phytoncides) were produced by vaporizing Chamaecyparis obtusa stem oil with a humidifier in the hotel room during the night. Blood was sampled on the last day and urine was sampled every day during the stay. Similar control measurements were made before the stay on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in hotel room air were measured. Phytoncide exposure significantly increased NK activity and the numbers of NK, perforin, GRN, and GrA/B-expressing cells, and significantly decreased the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. These findings indicate that phytoncide exposure and decreased stress hormone levels partially contribute to increased NK activity. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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We used the POMS test to investigate the psychological effects of trips to a forest in both males and females. Methods: Three experiments were conducted. 1) Twelve healthy male subjects, aged 37-55 years, and 13 healthy female subjects, aged 25-43 years, experienced a threeday/ two-night trip to forest fields. On day 1, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a field; and on day 2, they walked for two hours each in the morning and afternoon, at two different fields. 2) Sixteen healthy males, aged 36-77 years, experienced day trips to an urban area and a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo. They walked for two hours each in the morning and afternoon, in the forest park/ urban area on a Sunday. 3) 53 and 98 subjects experienced a 2-hour walk in a forest field and a city park, respectively. The POMS test was conducted before, during, and after the trip/walk. Results: The three-day excursion significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for anxiety, depression and anger in males; and significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion in females. The day trip to the forest park or urban area also significantly decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, and confusion; however, only the trip to the forest park significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for fatigue in male subjects. The 2-hour walk in a city park with a good density of trees or in a forest field also significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion in both male and female subjects. Conclusions: Walking significantly decreased the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion; however only walking in forest fields, not in a city area, significantly increased the score for vigor. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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In order to explore the effect of a forest trip on human sleep, we performed continuous monitoring with an accelerometer, including during forest visits. Methods: Twelve healthy male office workers in Tokyo, aged 37 to 55 years old, were selected for the study after obtaining their informed consent. The subjects undertook a three-day/two-night trip to three different forest fields. On the first day, they walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; on the second day, they walked for two hours in the morning and in the afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields. An accelerometer was used to monitor the duration of sleep and the daily physical activity level. Results: Significant increase of the sleep time during the forest bathing trip was recognized as compared with that noted before the trip. In addition, there was also a significant increase of the daily physical activity during the trip as compared with that after the trip. Conclusions: The authors speculate that the forest bathing trip might have had a beneficial effect on the sleep time, irrespective of the daily physical activity level.© 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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To investigate the effects of forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age: 57.4±11.6 years) were selected after obtaining informed consent. The subjects took day trips to a forest park in the suburbs of Tokyo and to an urban area of Tokyo as a control in September 2010. On both trips, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon on a Sunday. Blood and urine were sampled on the morning before each trip and after each trip. Blood pressure was measured on the morning (0800) before each trip, at noon (1300), in the afternoon (1600) during each trip, and on the morning (0800) after each trip. The day trip to the forest park significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline and dopamine levels and significantly increased serum adiponectin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. Walking exercise also reduced the levels of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), blood HbA1c and urinary dopamine. However, forest environments did not affect the levels of triglycerides, total Cho, LDL-Cho, HDL-Cho, RLP-Cho, insulin, or hs-CRP in serum, blood glucose, or hematological parameters. Taken together, habitual walking in forest environments may lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity and have beneficial effects on blood adiponectin and DHEA-S levels, and habitual walking exercise may have beneficial effects on blood NT-proBNP levels.© 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(独)労働安全衛生総合研究所  

ETBEは自動車のバイオ燃料として使用されており,現在その使用量がそれほど多くないが,増加している傾向である.本研究はETBEによる免疫毒性を検討する目的でまずはETBEによる脾臓細胞への影響を検討した.C57BL/6Jと129/SV雄性マウスは6時間/日,5日/週のスケジュールで0ppm(対照),500ppm,1,750ppmおよび5,000ppmのETBEにそれぞれ6と13週間吸入ばく露し,最終ばく露の20時間後に解剖して脾臓を採取し,脾細胞を調製し,Flow cytometry法を用いて以下の脾細胞表面マーカーを測定・解析した.(1)T細胞(PerCP-Cy5.5-CD3e),(2)T細胞サブセット(FITC-CD4とPE-CD8a),(3)B細胞(PerCP-Cy5.5-CD45R/B220),(4)NK細胞(PE-NK1.1)及び(5)マクロファージ(FITC-CD11b).末梢血Hb濃度,赤血球数,白血球数,血小板,体重及び脾臓対体重比も測定した.その結果,ETBEばく露は一時的に末梢血Hb濃度,赤血球数を増加させたが,体重及び脾臓対体重比には影響を及ぼさなかった.ETBEばく露は,ばく露量に依存して脾臓CD3+T細胞,CD4+T細胞,CD8+T細胞,CD4+T細胞陽性率及びCD4+/CD8+T細胞比を有意に減少させることが明らかとなった.一方でETBEばく露は,脾臓NK細胞,B細胞,マクロファージ及び脾臓細胞総数に影響を及ぼさなかった.結論として本研究は,ETBE単独ばく露による免疫毒性を初めて明らかにしたと共に,ETBEが選択的にマウス脾臓T細胞数を減少させることが判明した.(著者抄録)

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014010787

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)東京医学社  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本呼吸器学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本成人病(生活習慣病)学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：AMER THORACIC SOC  

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：JOHN WILEY & SONS INC  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

コットン以外の素材を用いた唾液採取器具(サリソフト及びサリキッズ)を考案し、その考案したサリソフト吸収体の唾液の採取量や唾液のpHの変動への影響等の基礎的な検討を行った。さらに、喫煙の曝露評価に用いられている唾液中Cotinineや唾液に存在しているステロイドホルモンであるCortisol、DHEA及びTestosteroneの測定を行い、考案した唾液吸収体の有用性の検討を行った。ポリプロピレンとポリエチレンの重合体を素材とした吸収体を用いた唾液採取器具サリソフトは、唾液が充分に採取でき、唾液pHの変動に影響を及ぼさず、唾液中のCotinineやCortisol等のステロイドホルモン等の測定に適していることが示された。

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.811

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00337274273?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.677

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：AMER THORACIC SOC  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00004429580

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00001991076

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Event date： 2020.3

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