Language：English  

DOI： 10.1111/all.16355

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本めまい平衡医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-71474-4

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Acoustical Society of America (ASA)  

In an attempt to develop tests of auditory temporal resolution using gap detection, we conducted computer simulations of Zippy Estimation by Sequential Testing (ZEST), an adaptive Bayesian threshold estimation procedure, for measuring gap detection thresholds. The results showed that the measures of efficiency and precision of ZEST changed with the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the initial probability density function implemented in ZEST. Appropriate combinations of mean and SD values led to efficient ZEST performance; i.e., the threshold estimates converged to their true values after 10 to 15 trials.

DOI： 10.1121/10.0028501

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2024&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20240925260186&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2024%2F006705%2F186%2F0496-0496%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2024%2F006705%2F186%2F0496-0496%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of long COVID cases presenting with upper respiratory symptoms, a topic not yet fully elucidated.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

A multicenter study involving 26 medical facilities in Japan.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years old with a confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis via severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction or antigen testing, who were hospitalized at the participating medical facilities. Analyzing clinical information and patient‐reported outcomes from 1009 patients were analyzed. The outcome measured the degree of initial symptoms for taste or olfactory disorders and assessed the likelihood of these symptoms persisting as long COVID, as well as the impact on quality of life if the upper respiratory symptoms persisted as long COVID.

Results

Patients with high albumin, low C‐reactive protein, and low lactate dehydrogenase in laboratory tests tended to experience taste or olfactory disorders as part of long COVID. Those with severe initial symptoms had a higher risk of experiencing residual symptoms at 3 months, with an odds ratio of 2.933 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.282‐6.526) for taste disorders and 3.534 (95% CI, 1.382‐9.009) for olfactory disorders. Presence of upper respiratory symptoms consistently resulted in lower quality of life scores.

Conclusion

The findings from this cohort study suggest that severe taste or olfactory disorders as early COVID‐19 symptoms correlate with an increased likelihood of persistent symptoms in those disorders as long COVID.

DOI： 10.1002/oto2.120

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly since 2019, and the number of reports regarding long COVID has increased. Although the distribution of long COVID depends on patient characteristics, epidemiological data on Japanese patients are limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of long COVID in Japanese patients. This study is the first nationwide Japanese prospective cohort study on long COVID. METHODS: This multicenter, prospective cohort study enrolled hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 years at 26 Japanese medical institutions. In total, 1200 patients were enrolled. Clinical information and patient-reported outcomes were collected from medical records, paper questionnaires, and smartphone applications. RESULTS: We collected data from 1066 cases with both medical records and patient-reported outcomes. The proportion of patients with at least one symptom decreased chronologically from 93.9% (947/1009) during hospitalization to 46.3% (433/935), 40.5% (350/865), and 33.0% (239/724) at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Patients with at least one long COVID symptom showed lower quality of life and scored higher on assessments for depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19. Female sex, middle age (41-64 years), oxygen requirement, and critical condition during hospitalization were risk factors for long COVID. CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidated the symptom distribution and risks of long COVID in the Japanese population. This study provides reference data for future studies of long COVID in Japan.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.08.008

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20230915480200&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2023%2F006605%2F202%2F0494-0494%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2023%2F006605%2F202%2F0494-0494%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Auditory temporal resolution plays a critical role in the everyday experience of listening to complex acoustic patterns. Amplitude modulation detection thresholds are widely used to measure auditory temporal resolution. In an attempt to develop a standardized clinical test of auditory temporal resolution, we used ZEST (Zippy Estimation by Sequential Testing, a Bayesian threshold estimation procedure, to measure amplitude modulation detection thresholds. ZEST utilizes prior knowledge about a listener’s thresholds, as represented by a probability density function of the thresholds, and psychometric functions of the listener’s responses. This paper reports a preliminary study in which ZEST parameters that could be used for measurements of amplitude modulation detection thresholds were sought. For this purpose, we created histograms of the detection thresholds for a wide range of modulation frequencies, measured the psychometric functions of amplitude modulation detection, and performed computer simulations of ZEST threshold estimation. The results suggested that, with appropriately-set parameters, ZEST allows for the accurate estimation of amplitude modulation detection thresholds within 20 trials.

DOI： 10.3389/fnins.2023.1148476

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Patients with vertigo and facial nerve palsy as initial symptoms are rarely diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. A 43-year-old woman presented to our department with symptoms of vertigo and right facial nerve palsy (Yanagihara 16-point system [total score, 40] or House- Brackmann grade IV [obvious facial weakness]). On the day of the visit, she presented with right eye abduction, left eye adduction, and complaints of diplopia. Based on magnetic resonance imaging findings, she was diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome, which is an early manifestation of multiple sclerosis. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone. Otolaryngologists often suspect Hunt's syndrome in patients who present with facial nerve palsy combined with vertigo. However, herein, we report our experience with an extremely rare case of a patient with atypical nystagmus symptoms, eye movement disorder, and diplopia secondary to facial palsy and vertigo, who presented with a clinical course different from that of Hunt's syndrome.

DOI： 10.1177/01455613221148310

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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PURPOSE: The status of dupilumab self-injection at home is not well understood. We therefore aimed to identify the barriers to adherence to dupilumab self-injection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This non-interventional open-label study was conducted between March 2021 and July 2021. Patients with atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps receiving dupilumab, from 15 sites, were requested to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding the frequency and effectiveness of dosing as well as their use and satisfaction with dupilumab. Barriers to adherence were assessed using the Adherence Starts with Knowledge-12. RESULTS: We included 331 patients who used dupilumab for atopic dermatitis (n = 164), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (n = 102), and bronchial asthma (n = 65). The median efficacy of dupilumab scored 9.3 on the visual analog scale. Overall, 85.5% of the patients self-injected dupilumab, and 70.7% perfectly complied with the established injection dates. The pre-filled pen was significantly superior to the conventional syringe in terms of usability, operability, ease of pushing the plunger, and patient satisfaction. However, the pre-filled pen caused more pain during self-injection than did the syringe. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adherence decreased with longer dupilumab treatment duration (p = 0.017) and was not associated with age, sex, underlying disease, or device type. There was a difference in responses related to "inconvenience/forgetfulness" between the good and poor adherence groups. CONCLUSION: The pre-filled dupilumab pen was superior to the syringe in terms of usability, operability, ease of pushing the plunger, and satisfaction. Repetitive instructions are recommended for preventing poor adherence to dupilumab self-injection.

DOI： 10.2147/PPA.S389865

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Cochlear implantation has many complications; however, delayed facial palsy is relatively rare. In this report, we present the case of a 60-year-old woman with delayed facial palsy after cochlear implantation. Eleven days after the operation, the patient complained of right facial palsy (Yanagihara score 6, House-Brackmann [HB] grade VI). Herpes virus reactivation and local bacterial infection were considered as possible causes of the facial paralysis. A blood test revealed an increase in viral antibody titer, and the patient was diagnosed as having herpes virus reactivation. She was treated with antiviral therapy for the facial palsy until resolution. Slight mouth weakness continued even at 1.5 months (Yanagihara score 34, HB II) but eventually resolved at 3 months (Yanagihara score 40, HB I). Delayed facial palsy is a rare but serious complication that can occur with viral reactivation regardless of the competence of the surgical procedure. Therefore, it is important to inform patients preoperatively regarding the risk of not only immediate but also delayed postoperative facial paralysis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2021.03.001

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20220912480035&doc_link_id=10.4295%2Faudiology.65.334&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4295%2Faudiology.65.334&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20220912480116&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2022%2F006505%2F117%2F0415-0415%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2022%2F006505%2F117%2F0415-0415%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J07551&link_issn=&doc_id=20220801380008&doc_link_id=%2Fdz0tokei%2F2022%2F012507%2F008%2F1092-1103%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdz0tokei%2F2022%2F012507%2F008%2F1092-1103%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: In recent years, transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) is known as an innovative and minimally invasive surgery. AIMS: To clarify the usefulness of TEES for the ossicular malformation, we performed a retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined cases of ossicular malformation performed using TEES at our hospital between April 2015 and April 2020. RESULTS: The hearing level results were countable for 16 cases. Post-operative hearing levels were significantly improved. Transient nausea, tongue paralysis, and taste disorders were observed; however, no other complications were observed. In 2015-2018, some of the cases required the assistance of a surgical microscope. In contrast, all the cases were performed by TEES after 2019 using a powered device to curve the canal. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: TEES requires considerable training, and the sensation of depth is difficult to acquire. However, this less invasive method is also helpful for ossicular malformation cases.

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2022.2039406

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: There is no report on acute sensorineural hearing loss with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection in basic experiments. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory steroid, on acute sensorineural hearing loss in the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection model mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sensorineural hearing loss model mice were divided into two groups, one with and one without intratympanic dexamethasone. Dexamethasone was injected into the tympanic cavity of only the right ear, and hearing ability was assessed at the ages of three, six, and eight weeks by auditory brainstem response measurement. RESULTS: Among the 23 mice intratympanically injected with dexamethasone (15 μg/mouse) at the age of three weeks, five (21.7%) had a hearing improvement of at least 10 dB and 18 (78.3%) had no improvement at the age of six weeks. Among the 19 mice that did not receive a dexamethasone injection, one (5.3%) showed improvement and 18 (94.7%) showed no improvement (p = 0.129). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, transtympanic infusion of dexamethasone into the tympanic cavity was effective in some mice with sensorineural hearing loss, suggesting that, in addition to angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory activity might be a mechanism of treatment for hearing loss.

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2022.2077985

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Treatment for inner ear regeneration and protection needs local injection of steroid or new drug for inner ear regeneration into the round window membrane (RWM) in cochlea, but a systemic injection is not available due to its systemic side effects. However, pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents or steroid locally injected into the inner ear is not well known. Hence, we introduce a new method for the real-time observation of drug delivery in transgenic animals in vivo. We exemplify mice which contain a firefly luciferase (FLuc) gene expression cassette regulated by the murine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. Luciferin delivered into the inner ear of those mice reacts with FLuc that is expressed in the GFAP-expressing cells in the cochlear nerve and spiral ganglion, and the resulting bioluminescence is detected by a camera. Using this system, we show the imaging of pharmacokinetic differences between local and systemic (intravenous and subcutaneous) injections of the inner ear.

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-0716-2453-1_26

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INTRODUCTION: The rapid spread of COVID-19 posed a global burden. Substantial number of people died of the disease in the acute phase of infection. In addition, a significant proportion of patients have been reported to suffer from post-acute phase symptoms, sequelae of COVID-19, which may negatively influence the quality of daily living and/or socioeconomic circumstances of the patients. However, no previous study has comprehensively and objectively assessed the quality of life of patients by using existing international scales. Further, evidence of socioeconomic consequences among patients with COVID-19 is scarce. To address the multidimensional issues from sequelae of COVID-19, evidence from comprehensive surveys beyond clinical perspectives is critical that investigates health, and social determinants of disease progression as well as socioeconomic consequences at a large scale. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this study, we plan to conduct a nationwide and comprehensive survey for the sequelae of COVID-19 in a total of 1000 patients diagnosed at 27 hospitals throughout Japan. This study will evaluate not only the health-related status of patients from clinical perspectives but also the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) scores, socioeconomic status and consequences to discuss the sequelae of the disease and the related risk factors. The primary endpoint is the frequency of long-term complications of COVID-19 infection. The secondary endpoints are risk factors for progression to sequelae of COVID-19 infection. The study will provide robust and important evidence as a resource to tackle the issues from the sequelae of COVID-19 from the multi-dimensional perspectives. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial was approved by the Keio University School of Medicine Ethics Committee (20200243, UMIN000042299). The results of this study will be reported at a society meeting or published in a peer-reviewed journal.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001015

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation, antibiotic therapy, surgery, and outcomes in patients with otitis media caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and discuss the efficacy of surgery. This is a retrospective case review of three patients diagnosed with otomastoiditis caused by M. abscessus subsp. abscessus. All patients had refractory otorrhea. One patient had granulation tissue in the tympanic membrane. They received medical treatment and underwent surgery. Otorrhea was resolved several months after the initiation of long-term multiantibiotic therapy in all cases. The timing of surgery varied among patients. Before initiating antibiotic therapy, mastoidectomy was performed to achieve definitive diagnosis in two patients, and wound dehiscence developed in these patients. Two patients underwent debridement after the initiation of multiantibiotic therapy. After antibiotic administration, tympanoplasty was performed to improve hearing in one patient. All patients achieved culture negativity after treatment, and no recurrences have been noted. From three cases, it is suggested that the mainstay of treatment for M. abscessus subsp. abscessus is long-term multiantibiotic therapy, and surgery itself may have little effect on achieving ear dryness. Thus, in most patients, drug therapy should be prioritized. Considering postoperative complications, surgery before achieving ear dryness should be avoided, except in emergency cases. In addition, if the diagnosis is not confirmed by repeated bacteriological tests, mastoidectomy should be performed to collect specimens. Tympanoplasty for hearing loss or eardrum perforation is recommended after discontinuation of medications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.04.012

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A 56-year-old woman presented with repeated swelling of the lips and face. She had a history of childhood asthma; she had a recurrence of asthma when she was 54 years old and was taking inhaled corticosteroids, and other antiasthma drugs. The swelling of her lips and face improved temporarily with oral corticosteroids (OCS), but recurred soon after discontinuing OCS. Her peripheral blood eosinophil count was 632/μL (9.3%), and her serum was negative for myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and serine proteinase3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of her back skin revealed abundant eosinophilic infiltrate around the vascular area of the shallow dermis layer, but no evidence of vasculitis and we diagnosed her as eosinophilic annular erythema (EAE). Punctate staining of galectin-10, chromatolytic eosinophils, and net-like DNA was also evident in close proximity to the free granules, indicating extracellular vesicles and eosinophil extracellular traps (ETosis). We started daily OCS to control her asthma and skin eruption/oedema. Three months after administering daily OCS, benralizumab was initiated for withdrawal from OCS dependence and treatment of severe asthma. After initiation of benralizumab, her skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms promptly improved. OCS was discontinued, and no edematous erythema has been observed since then. Bronchial asthma has also been well-controlled. This is the first report on the evidence of eosinophil ETosis in the dermis of EAE patients and the efficacy of benralizumab in a patient with EAE. Benralizumab may be a useful drug for treating refractory EAE with severe eosinophilic asthma.

DOI： 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e28

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会  

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Introduction. There are a few discussions regarding usefulness of an exoscope in otologic surgery compared to a traditional microscope. Objective. The pros and cons of using a newly developed exoscope (ORBEYE™) during microotologic surgery were evaluated. Methods. The usefulness of the ORBEYE™ exoscope was retrospectively assessed in 6 otologic surgeries by 8 surgeons postoperatively. A questionnaire comprising 20 questions was designed and used for evaluation. Results. All the otologic surgeons agreed that the exoscope is useful as an educational tool; the exoscope had the highest score in the questionnaire (average: 4.75). The question "Will the ORBEYETM exoscope replace the conventional tympanoplasty or stapes surgery?" had the lowest score (average: 3.13). Conclusions. The quality of the images and movies in the exoscope was considered to be high and improved; therefore, the exoscope was considered as a useful educational tool in otologic surgery. Similar to otologic endoscopic surgery, all the members such as the operator and assistants could head up and share 1 image.

DOI： 10.1177/1553350620964151

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Hearing loss affects >5% of the global population and therefore, has a great social and clinical impact. Sensorineural hearing loss, which can be caused by different factors, such as acoustic trauma, aging, and administration of certain classes of drugs, stems primarily from a dysfunction of the cochlea in the inner ear. Few therapeutic strategies against sensorineural hearing loss are available. To develop effective treatments for this disease, it is crucial to precisely determine the behavior of ototoxic and therapeutic agents in the microenvironment of the cochlea in live animals. Since the 1980s, a number of studies have addressed this issue by different methodologies. However, there is much less information on pharmacokinetics in the cochlea than that in other organs; the delay in ontological pharmacology is likely due to technical difficulties with accessing the cochlea, a tiny organ that is encased with a bony wall and has a fine and complicated internal structure. In this review, we not only summarize the observations and insights obtained in classic and recent studies on pharmacokinetics in the cochlea but also describe relevant analytical techniques, with their strengths, limitations, and prospects.

DOI： 10.3389/fphar.2021.633505

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本耳鼻咽喉科免疫アレルギー感染症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01099&link_issn=&doc_id=20210402510006&doc_link_id=10.3950%2Fjibiinkoka.124.197&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3950%2Fjibiinkoka.124.197&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of regenerative treatment for tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) using gelatin sponge, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and fibrin glue. METHODS: This was a multicenter, non-randomized, single-arm study conducted at tertiary referral centers. Twenty patients with chronic TMP (age 23-78 years, 6 males, 14 females) were registered from three institutions. All treated patients were included in the safety analysis population. The edges of the TMP were disrupted mechanically by myringotomy and several pieces of gelatin sponge immersed in bFGF were placed and fixed with fibrin glue to cover the perforation. The TMP was examined 4 ± 1 weeks later. The protocol was repeated up to four times until closure was complete. The main outcome measures were closure or a decrease in size of the TMP, hearing improvement, and air-bone gap evaluated 16 weeks after the final regenerative procedure (FRP). Adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS: Total closure of the TMP at 16 weeks was achieved in 15 out of 20 patients (75.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.9%-91.3%) and the mean decrease in size was 92.2% (95%CI: 82.9%-100.0%). The ratio of hearing improvement and the air-bone gap at 16 weeks after FRP were 100% (20/20; 95%CI: 83.2%-100%) and 5.3 ± 4.2 dB (p <0.0001), respectively. Thirteen out of 20 patients (65.0%) experienced at least one AE, but no serious AEs occurred. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the current regenerative treatment for TMP using gelatin sponge, bFGF, and fibrin glue is safe and effective.

DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2021.02.007

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BACKGROUND: During stapes surgery, the Teflon wire piston prosthesis is prone to postoperative 'slips' and subsequent necrosis and fracture of the long process of the incus. AIMS/OBJECTIVE: We invented and used a novel cup-shaped apatite prosthesis to reduce the incidence of necrosis of the long process of the incus and analysed the postoperative results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one ears in 25 patients with otosclerosis who underwent stapes surgery with our apatite prosthesis were evaluated. RESULTS: The air conduction improved by 24.0 dB (the average) from pre- to post-operation. Additionally, 84.8% of patients achieved an air-bone gap of ≤10 dB for the 4-frequency measurements (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that our new prosthesis was associated with a good postoperative prognosis in patients with otosclerosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Our unique prosthesis yielded good outcomes for the treatment of otosclerosis even in the short term.

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2020.1813907

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DOI： 10.3950/JIBIINKOKA.124.197

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Although combination of oral and transtympanic drug therapy (CT) has been proved more effective and safer for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) by some clinical trials, there are few laboratory researches on the pharmacokinetics in the inner ear following CT on account of structural limitations of the inner ear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of CT in the inner ear of mice. Eighteen transgenic GFAP-Luc mice which express luciferase in cochlear spiral ganglion cells were divided into oral administration (OR) group, transtympanic injection route (TT) group and CT group, and luciferin was delivered into the inner ear of these mice through oral, transtympanic or combined routes, respectively. A new in vivo imaging system was used to observe luciferin/luciferase signals and the compare the pharmacokinetics of different administration routes in the inner ear of mice. Bioluminescence signals were observed in the inner ear 3.3 ± 2.6 min after CT, significantly earlier than that of OR group (15.8 ± 7.4 min). CT owned the longest reaching-peak time and largest area under the curve (AUC) among three groups. Compared to TT, CT had longer biological half-life and higher AUC value, but did not displayed stronger peak value. There were significant differences in the peak values between OR group and TT group and between OR group and CT group. This study suggests that the OR route is less effective than the TT or CT route, and combination of OR and TT can deliver more drugs into the inner ear and confer a longer therapeutic window, but cannot increase drug intensity.

DOI： 10.3389/fneur.2021.641593

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本鼻科学会  

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The etiology of hearing impairment following cochlear damage can be caused by many factors, including congenital or acquired onset, ototoxic drugs, noise exposure, and aging. Regardless of the many different etiologies, a common pathologic change is auditory cell death. It may be difficult to explain hearing impairment only from the aspect of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, or necroptosis because the level of hearing loss varies widely. Therefore, we focused on autophagy as an intracellular phenomenon functionally competing with cell death. Autophagy is a dynamic lysosomal degradation and recycling system in the eukaryotic cell, mandatory for controlling the balance between cell survival and cell death induced by cellular stress, and maintaining homeostasis of postmitotic cells, including hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the inner ear. Autophagy is considered a candidate for the auditory cell fate decision factor, whereas autophagy deficiency could be one of major causes of hearing impairment. In this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms and biologic functions of autophagy in the auditory system and discuss the latest research concerning autophagy-related genes and sensorineural hearing loss to gain insight into the role of autophagic mechanisms in inner-ear disorders.

DOI： 10.3390/genes11111331

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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This study investigated, using cycle threshold (Ct) qPCR values, the association between symptoms and viral clearance in 57 patients with asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with olfactory/taste disorders (OTDs) exhibited lower qPCR Ct values and longer time to negative qPCR than those without OTDs, suggesting an association between OTDs and high viral burden.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.034

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Background: Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) exhibit various phenotypes.Objective: To compare the clinical and otorhinolaryngological features of Japanese patients with 22q11.2DS with those of patients reported in Western literature.Materials and methods: We retrospectively assessed the medical records of 17 Japanese patients with 22q11.2DS and compared our findings with previously reported findings in Western literature.Results: Hearing loss was the most frequent complaint (n = 8, 47%), followed by articulation disorders and/or nasopharyngeal closure failure (n = 4, 24%) and language development delay (n = 2, 12%). Ten patients (59%) had hearing loss regardless of the chief complaint (total 15 ears - mild, 9; moderate, 6). Four patients had bilateral hearing loss. One patient (6%) underwent tympanostomy tube placement for refractory exudative otitis media, another (6%) underwent myringoplasty, and three patients (18%) underwent tympanoplasties for chronic otitis media or middle ear malformation. Previous studies in Western countries reported similar results in terms of frequency of hearing loss, severity of hearing loss, and the percentage of middle ear malformations.Conclusions: The otorhinolaryngological characteristics of Japanese patients with 22q11.2DS were similar to those in Western countries. Hearing loss was primarily caused by disorders like otitis media and middle ear malformation.Significance: Our findings may aid treatment planning for Asian patients with 22q11.2DS.

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2020.1769862

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

Methylcobalamin, which is used for the clinical treatment of patients with neuropathy, can have an impact on the sensorineural components associated with the cochlea, and it is possible that the auditory threshold in a certain population of patients with deafness may be recovered. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether the action site of methylcobalamin is localized inside or outside the cochlea and which cellular or tissue element is targeted by the drug. In the present work, we developed a method to realize in vivo real-time simultaneous examination of the drug kinetics in two separate locations using boron-doped diamond microelectrodes. First, the analytical performance of methylcobalamin was studied and the measurement protocol was optimized in vitro. Then, the optimized protocol was applied to carry out real-time measurements inside the cochlea and the leg muscle in live guinea pigs while systemically administering methylcobalamin. The results showed that the methylcobalamin concentration in the cochlea was below the limit of detection for the microelectrodes or the drug did not reach the cochlea, whereas the compound clearly reached the leg muscle.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01707

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Inner and middle ear disorders are the leading cause of hearing loss, and are said to be among the greatest risk factors of dementia. The use of regenerative medicine for the treatment of inner ear disorders may offer a potential alternative to cochlear implants for hearing recovery. In this paper, we reviewed recent research and clinical applications in middle and inner ear regeneration and cell therapy. Recently, the mechanism of inner ear regeneration has gradually been elucidated. "Inner ear stem cells," which may be considered the precursors of various cells in the inner ear, have been discovered in the cochlea and vestibule. Research indicates that cells such as hair cells, neurons, and spiral ligaments may form promising targets for inner ear regenerative therapies by the transplantation of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, it is necessary to develop tests for the clinical monitoring of cell transplantation. Real-time imaging techniques and hearing rehabilitation techniques are also being investigated, and cell therapy has found clinical application in cochlear implant techniques.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms21165764

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The association between distress caused by tinnitus and psychological factors such as depression and anxiety has been examined and reported. However, prognostic factors remain poorly understood because there are only a few reports on genetic associations. We theorized there might be an association between the grade of tinnitus distress and the genetic background related to psychological factors which might lead us to identify prognostic markers. We enrolled 138 patients who had suffered from tinnitus for over 3 months. Using Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores, we examined the association between tinnitus distress and a genetic background related to depression or anxiety. A significant association between single nucleotide polymorphism rs131702 of the Breakpoint Cluster Region (BCR) gene and the severe THI score was identified. In addition, there was an association with the severity of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, an index of state anxiety severity. No association was found with the Self-Rating Depression Scale, an index of depression severity. It is reported that rs131702 of BCR in Japanese patients are related to bipolar II depression characterized by fluctuation between abnormal mood states of mania and depression. Our results indicate that rs131702 of BCR is independent of depression in this study and is, therefore, a prognostic factor unique to tinnitus. We conclude that the severity of tinnitus is associated with genes related to depression.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-69467-0

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Background: The management of patients with tinnitus who receive middle ear surgery has not been established.Aims: The aim of this study is (1) how many patients who receive middle ear surgery have tinnitus and (2) how educational counselling and middle ear surgery is effective with consistent tinnitus.Subjects and methods: Twenty four cases out of 90 cases accounted for 26.7% of the middle ear diseases scheduled for surgery in the past two years. Of the 42 patients with hearing loss in the second year, 14 had consistent and intermittent tinnitus. Among them we have 6 patients complaining consistent tinnitus and we examined the change in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) for patients with tinnitus before and after surgery.Results: Ten out of 13 cases (about 76.9%) reported that postoperative tinnitus improved. THI score in two cases showed worse.Conclusions and significance: Two cases showed worse THI in both mixed hearing loss cases with a small hearing improvement. The mechanism of improvement is similar to tinnitus retraining therapy including hearing aid because the increase in external sound input through hearing restoration after surgery to avoid silence.

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2020.1713397

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Clinical practice guidelines in Japan for tinnitus were published in May 2019. Effective treatment of tinnitus contributes to quality of life and may improve depression, anxiety, and cognitive function. The highest priority of treatment recommended by this guideline involves educational counseling, including an explanation of the mechanisms of tinnitus. Understanding tinnitus pathology has also been reported to be a therapeutically effective educational counseling strategy. Further, explaining how sound therapy such as tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) works is effective. Psychological and cognitive behavioral therapies may be an option. Here, the hearing aid is coupled with a sound generator in order to administer sound therapy for patients with more-severe symptoms. In Japan, it can be difficult to perform psychotherapy alongside otorhinolaryngology, and exemplary sound therapy is more likely to be carried out. In any case, the purpose of treatment is not to eliminate tinnitus, but rather reduce distress that manifests in response to tinnitus by promoting sensory adaptation. Clinically, the most important subject is not the loudness of tinnitus, but the severity of tinnitus distress. TRT consists of educational counseling and sound therapy. The tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) is used to measure the distress level for tinnitus and to determine treatment priorities. Rehabilitation of tinnitus is important because anxiety and depression are often observed in patients with severe tinnitus. Additionally, drug administration should be avoided. As a surgical treatment, a cochlear implant can affect tinnitus symptoms. It is essential to establish a treatment policy according to the disease condition and degree of distress.

DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2019.09.007

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DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.123.236

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Objective measurements of the ossicular mobility have not been commonly performed during the surgery, and the assessment of ossicular mobility is made by palpation in most cases. Palpation is inherently subjective and may not always be reliable, especially in milder degrees of ossicular fixation and in the case of multiple fixation. Although several devices have been developed to quantitatively measure the ossicular mobility during surgery, they have not been widely used. In this study, a new system with a hand-held probe which enables intraoperative quantitative measurements of ossicular mobility has been developed. This system not only measures the ossicular mobility, but also investigates "local" transmission characteristics of the middle ear by directly applying vibration to the ossicles and measuring cochlear microphonic. The basic performance of this system was confirmed by measuring the mobility of artificial ossicles and cochlear microphonics in an animal experiment. Our system may contribute to selection of a better surgical method and reducing the risks of revision surgery.

DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2018.11.007

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科学会  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan, Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.123.236

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: The temporal modulation transfer function (TMTF) has been proposed to estimate the temporal resolution abilities of listeners with normal hearing and listeners with hearing loss. The TMTF data of patients would be useful for clinical diagnosis and for adjusting the hearing instruments at clinical and fitting sites. However, practical application is precluded by the long measurement time of the conventional method, which requires several measurement points. This article presents a new method to measure the TMTF that requires only two measurement points. DESIGN: Experiments were performed to estimate the TMTF of normal listeners and listeners with hearing loss to demonstrate that the two-point method can estimate the TMTF parameter and the conventional method. Sixteen normal hearing and 21 subjects with hearing loss participated, and the difference between the estimated TMTF parameters and measurement time were compared. RESULTS: The TMTF parameters (the peak sensitivity Lps and cutoff frequency fcutoff) estimated by the conventional and two-point methods showed significantly high correlations: the correlation coefficient for Lps was 0.91 (t(45) = 14.3; p < 10) and that for fcutoff was 0.89 (t(45) = 13.2; p < 10). There were no fixed and proportional biases. Therefore, the estimated values were in good agreement. Moreover, there was no systematic bias depending on the subject's profile. The measurement time of the two-point method was approximately 10 min, which is approximately one-third that of the conventional method. CONCLUSION: The two-point method enables the introduction of TMTF measurement in clinical diagnosis.

DOI： 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000590

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Neuroscience Research  

© 2019 Combination of systemic and local drug therapy has been proved more effective and safer for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by some clinical trials, and there are few laboratory researches on its pharmacokinetic behaviors in the inner ear. In the present study, we use a new in vivo imaging system to compare the pharmacokinetics of combined therapy (CT), with intravenous (IV) or transtympanic (TT) injection alone in both ears of transgenic GFAP-Luc mice. Biological half-life, total photon counts and the area under the curve (AUC) value significantly increased after CT. However, adding IV to TT injection cannot strengthen the peak photon of the drug in the inner ear. In addition, when D-luciferin is injected to the left ear the volume of total photon count and AUC value of CT-left ear are larger than the combined volume of TT-left ear and IV-left ear, suggesting a synergistic effect, and those of CT-right ear are almost equal to the summation of those of IV-right group and TT-right group, suggesting no amplifying effect on the risk of systemic side effect. This study showed that CT could deliver more drugs into the inner ear, and brought a longer therapeutic wind

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2019.07.001

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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The inner ear contains many types of cell, including sensory hair cells and neurons. If these cells are damaged, they do not regenerate. Inner ear disorders have various etiologies. Some are related to aging or are idiopathic, as in sudden deafness. Others occur due to acoustic trauma, exposure to ototoxic drugs, viral infections, immune responses, or endolymphatic hydrops (Meniere's disease). For these disorders, inner ear regeneration therapy is expected to be a feasible alternative to cochlear implants for hearing recovery. Recently, the mechanisms underlying inner ear regeneration have been gradually clarified. Inner ear cell progenitors or stem cells have been identified. Factors necessary for regeneration have also been elucidated from the mechanism of hair cell generation. Inducing differentiation of endogenous stem cells or inner ear stem cell transplantation is expected. In this paper, we discuss recent approaches to hair cell proliferation and differentiation for inner ear regeneration. We discuss the future road map for clinical application. The therapies mentioned above require topical administration of transgenes or drug onto progenitors of sensory cells. Developing efficient and safe modes of administration is clinically important. In this regard, we also discuss our development of an inner ear endoscope to facilitate topical administration.

DOI： 10.3390/molecules23102507

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20180921440040&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2018%2F006105%2F041%2F0338-0338%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2018%2F006105%2F041%2F0338-0338%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Olfactory traits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered the strongest predictors of social impairment. Compared to other sensory abnormalities, olfactory abnormalities in individuals with ASD are poorly understood. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current assessment in individuals with ASD. Several confounding factors have to be considered when conducting research on olfaction in individuals with ASD. Qualitative measures of olfaction contain only limited information about the olfactory stimuli. In addition, little systematic information is available about individual's actual uses of olfaction in daily life. Only a limited number of experimental studies have performed quantitative measurements of olfactory abnormalities in ASD. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between olfactory traits and the influence of real-life situations in a laboratory setting is very difficult. Some new methodologies for measuring olfactory traits are gradually becoming available. New methods that reveal important links between ASD and olfactory traits should be developed in the future.

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-4939-8609-5_16

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Audiological Society  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.61.327

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2016.09.001

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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DOI： 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00300

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20171004330142&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F143%2F0399-0399%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F143%2F0399-0399%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20171004330143&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F144%2F0400-0400%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F144%2F0400-0400%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20171004330148&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F149%2F0405-0405%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F149%2F0405-0405%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20171004330026&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F027%2F0283-0283%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2017%2F006005%2F027%2F0283-0283%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0180609

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1097/MAO.0000000000001438

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3791/55054

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2017.1306654

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1159/000452474

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2017.1296970

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2017.1306654

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1159/000455918

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society of Practical Otolaryngology  

DOI： 10.5631/jibirin.110.163

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<p>In the diagnosis of cholesteatoma, non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted MRI using the PROPELLER(periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction)technique has been reported to be useful. However, interpretation of positive findings is subjective and the decision criteria remain unclear. It is necessary to establish an objective standard for evaluation of the signal intensity. The aim of this study was to establish whether diffusion MRI using the PROPELLER technique is effective for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. Furthermore, we investigated whether objective evaluation is possible by comparing the signal intensities and determining which region of brain is the most suitable for such comparison. We evaluated 35 ears with a postoperative diagnosis of cholesteatoma for which preoperative evaluation had been performed by MRI using the PROPRLLER technique. We determined a lesion as positive if it showed a higher intensity than the cerebellar white matter. Furthermore, for objective evaluation, we set regions of interest and compared the highest signal intensity of the target lesion with that of the following parts of the brain ; cerebellum, cerebellar white matter, temporal lobe, temporal lobe white matter. The sensitivity/positive-predictive value were 85.7%, and the specificity/negative-predictive value was 42.9%. The smallest lesion observed was 3.8 mm in diameter. In addition, in 4 of the 35 ears, no lesion could be detected. Objective evaluation by comparison of the highest signal intensities of the regions of interest matched with the diagnosis after surgery in 26 of the 31 ears. The findings suggested that the cerebellar white matter was the most suitable among the 4 regions evaluated for such comparison. This method is thought to be useful, especially in cases where macroscopic evaluation of the lesions is difficult.</p>

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2017276817

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2017.1297539

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DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2017.1297537

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20161005410047&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2016%2F005905%2F047%2F0339-0340%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2016%2F005905%2F047%2F0339-0340%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)和漢医薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会  

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DOI： 10.3109/00016489.2015.1116046

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0153957

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0153957

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.59.329

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.59.485

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society of Practical Otolaryngology  

DOI： 10.5631/jibirin.109.239

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.119.37

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Objective: To determine the efficacy of the antihistamine bepotastine on treating nasal symptoms in patients with Japanese cedar and cypress pollinosis, based on two previous studies that looked at bepotastine OD's inhibitory effect on symptom onset after exposure. Design and methods: Randomized double-blind placebo controlled, parallel study. Twenty-eight volunteers with Japanese cedar and cypress pollinosis were randomly assigned into two experimental groups: a bepotastine-treated or a placebo control group. Subjects received either 10 mg bepotastine tablets or placebo tablets 1 day before entering an artificial exposure pollen chamber (OHIO Chamber) and also for three or more consecutive days. They were exposed to Japanese cedar and cypress pollen for 3 h per day for 2 days. Nasal and ocular symptoms were self-rated by each patient at regular intervals in addition to being objectively measured. Possible cognitive impairment was assessed by using the digit cancellation test (D-CAT). Results: In Study 1, under controlled conditions, there were no significant differences (p > .05) between subjects exposed to Japanese cedar pollen and those exposed to cypress pollen in terms of total nasal symptom score (TNSS). In Study 2, in the placebo group, the amount of nasal discharge and the number of sneezes did not diminish before cypress pollen exposure on the second day (p < .05). This suggests that an antihistamine can suppress the symptoms of hang over. No deterioration of work performance was observed in the bepotastine group after pollen exposure for 2 days, as measured by D-CAT (p > .05). Conclusion: We conclude that bepotastine can suppress allergy-related symptoms without impairing work performance in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by Japanese cedar pollen or cypress pollen.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.59.337

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.59.499

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.018

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Systemic application of drugs is commonly used in clinical situations. Some of these drugs are ototoxic. Since there are few studies on in vivo monitoring of drug delivery dynamics, the time course or bioavailability of drugs in the inner ear of live animals following systemic drug application remains unknown. For instance, it is unknown whether the volume of a drug delivered systemically correlates with its inner ear pharmacokinetics. We previously established a new in vivo imaging system to monitor drug delivery in live mice. In the present study, we used this system to compare drug concentration in the inner ear over time after systemic drug injections. We used transgenic GFAP-Luc mice that harbor a firefly luciferase gene expression cassette regulated by 12 kb of murine GFAP promoter and human beta-globin intron 2. Luciferin delivered into the inner ear of these mice reacts with luciferase, and the resulting signals are detected in GFAP-expressing cells in the cochlear nerve. Thus, we assessed in the inner ear the intensity and duration of luciferin/luciferase signals after systemic injections of different volumes of luciferin. An IVIS((R)) imaging system was used to observe si

DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.018

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DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.018

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本鼻科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2015.01.010

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DOI： 10.1002/jnr.23543

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.024

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.58.387

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016019229

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.118.1449

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.58.443

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016019257

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.118.1309

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.118.1309

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.118.1449

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.58.487

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016019279

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.58.355

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016019214

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本聴覚医学会  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.58.485

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016019278

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20141106480048&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2014%2F005705%2F048%2F0361-0362%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2014%2F005705%2F048%2F0361-0362%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3389/fphar.2014.00222

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本聴覚医学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J00125&link_issn=&doc_id=20141106480046&doc_link_id=%2Fdm7audio%2F2014%2F005705%2F046%2F0357-0358%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdm7audio%2F2014%2F005705%2F046%2F0357-0358%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0104680

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000188

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DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2013.04.009

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J01099&link_issn=&doc_id=20140228380007&doc_link_id=1390282679987239936&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcir.nii.ac.jp%2Fcrid%2F1390282679987239936&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_3.gif

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.117.116

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Audiological Society  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.56.473

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014024321

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3109/00016489.2012.757799

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Pharmacological Society  

DOI： 10.1254/fpj.141.188

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10017182934?from=CiNii

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DOI： 10.1177/0194599813476257

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DOI： 10.1177/0194599813476257

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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<p>Background and Objectives. The pathogenesis of otitis media (OM) involves a number of factors related to the anatomy, pathology, and cell biology of the middle ear, the mastoid, the Eustachian tube, and the nasopharynx. Although some issues of pathogenesis are fairly well established, others are only marginally indicated by current knowledge, and yet others remain undisclosed. The objective of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review on recent scientific achievements in the pathogenesis of OM, as related to anatomy, pathology, and cell biology. Data Sources. PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Library. Review Methods. Articles published on the pathogenesis of OM and the anatomy, pathology, and cell biology of the middle ear, the mastoid, the Eustachian tube, and the nasopharynx between January 2007 and June 2011 were identified. Among almost 1900 abstracts, the authors selected 130 articles for full article review and inclusion in this report. Results. New knowledge on a number of issues emerged, including cell-specific expression and function of fluid transportation and innate immune system molecules, mucous cell metaplasia, mucin expression, bacterial adherence, and epithelial internalization, as well as the occurrence, composition, dynamics, and potential role of bacterial biofilm. In addition, the potential role of gastroesophageal reflux disease and cigarette smoke exposure has been explored further. Conclusions and Implications for Practice. Over the past 4 years, considerable scientific progress has been made on the pathogenesis of OM, as related to issues of anatomy, pathology, and cell biology. Based on these new achievements and a sustained lack of essential knowledge, suggestions for future research are outlined.</p>

DOI： 10.1177/0194599813476257

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DOI： 10.1007/s00405-012-1951-5

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DOI： 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31826dba43

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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the clinical efficacy of a combination therapy of levocetirizine (LCTZ) and fluticasone furoate nasal spray (FFNS), compared with LCTZ monotherapy, for the suppression of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms induced in an artificial exposure chamber. METHODS: This study was a single-center, placebo-controlled, randomized, 3-way cross-over comparative study performed in 42 Japanese cedar pollinosis patients. These subjects received (1) LCTZ plus FFNS (combination group), (2) LCTZ plus FFNS placebo (monotherapy group), or (3) LCTZ placebo plus FFNS placebo (placebo group) once on the night prior to exposure, with a 1-week washout period between exposures. Nasal (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and itchy nose) and ocular (eye itching and tearing) symptoms were recorded every 15 min, and the number of sneezes, nose blowing events, and the amount of nasal secretions were measured during exposure. The primary end-point was the cumulative incidence of SAR symptoms during exposure and the 'ime to occurrence of symptoms'. The secondary end-points were the total nasal symptom score, the ocular symptom score, the amount of nasal discharge, and the number of sneezes and nose blowing events. RESULTS: At all the measurement points, the lowest cumulative incidences for the nasal symptoms were observed in the combination group, followed by the monotherapy and placebo groups. All the subjects in the placebo group developed nasal symptoms within 2 h after pollen exposure, while three and eight subjects in the monotherapy and combination groups, respectively, did not develop any nasal symptoms during exposure. In addition, combination therapy delayed the onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that combination therapy with FFNS and LCTZ significantly suppressed the induced SAR symptoms and delayed the onset of symptoms compared with LCTZ monotherapy and placebo. Although the conditions of the allergen challenge study using an exposure chamber are different from those in real life, combination therapy with FF and LCTZ was confirmed to be an effective treatment for SAR.

DOI： 10.3109/21556660.2013.829070

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0048480

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DOI： 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3182635417

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DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2011.04.006

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.001

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DOI： 10.2500/aap.2012.33.3517

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DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2011.10.006

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DOI： 10.5978/islsm.12-OR-12

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Pranlukast (PLK) is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist approved for the treatment of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in Japan. We previously reported that PLK dry syrup (DS) improved the total nasal symptom score, as well as sneezing, nasal discharge, and nasal obstruction scores over placebo. We investigated the efficacy of PLK DS with a noninvasive method in 10- to 15-year-old children with Japanese cedar (JC) pollinosis challenged with pollen allergen using an artificial exposure chamber (OHIO Chamber). Levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in nasal secretions, nasal obstruction score, and the relationship with nasal obstruction scores were analyzed. The estimated difference of means in ECP levels (PLK DS--placebo) was -22.9 micrograms (95% CI, -45.2 to -0.5), suggesting PLK DS reduced ECP significantly when compared with placebo (p = 0.0454). The difference in the least square means for nasal obstruction between the PLK DS and placebo was -0.25 (95% CI, -0.36 to -0.14) with a value of p < 0.0001. In addition, a statistically significant, although weak, positive correlation between the nasal obstruction score and nasal ECP levels was observed with placebo treatment (correlation coefficient = 0.2394; p = 0.0428). Moreover, the inhibition rate of nasal ECP with PLK DS relative to placebo was statistically significant, although weak, positively correlated with the inhibition rate of nasal obstruction (correlation coefficient = 0.3373; p = 0.0219). PLK DS significantly decreases nasal ECP levels and nasal obstruction score compared with placebo in children with JC pollinosis challenged with pollen allergen. Suppression of mucosal eosinophilic inflammation is one of the pathways by which PLK DS improves pollinosis-induced nasal obstruction.

DOI： 10.2500/aap.2012.33.3615

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)医薬情報研究所  

OHIO Chamberにおけるスギ・ヒノキ科花粉連続曝露に対するベポタスチンベシル酸塩OD錠の効果について検討した。成人のスギ・ヒノキ科花粉を原因抗原とする季節性アレルギー性鼻炎の患者を対象とした。無作為化、単盲検、群間比較試験で、スギ・ヒノキ科花粉の非飛散期である7月に実施した。無作為に2群に分け、ベポタスチン群14例、プラセボ群14例とした。OHIO Chamberを用い、スギ・ヒノキ科花粉を連日で曝露し、ベポタスチンベシル酸塩を曝露前日から継続的に服用することによって症状発現の抑制と作業効率の維持ができた。実際の臨床状況においてもベポタスチンベシル酸塩の有効性、安全性を高く評価できるものと推察できることから、ベポタスチンベシル酸塩がスギ花粉症シーズンだけでなくヒノキ科花粉症シーズンにおいても連続的に有用な薬剤であることが示唆された。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本鼻科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：耳鼻咽喉科展望会  

経頭蓋磁気刺激法(TMS)は、様々な中枢神経の生理学的研究や臨床検査法として、更には疾患の治療やリハビリテーションに応用されている。TMSの原理と方法について述べ、反復性TMS(rTMS)の臨床応用の実際、副作用、耳鳴治療への試みについて概説した。慢性耳鳴患者14名にrTMSを実施した結果、耳鳴の大きさおよび苦痛度は刺激直後に低下し、苦痛への効果は刺激後1週間まで持続した。

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2011&ichushi_jid=J00579&link_issn=&doc_id=20111213490002&doc_link_id=10.11453%2Forltokyo.54.258&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11453%2Forltokyo.54.258&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Audiological Society  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.54.317

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012011107

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s00405-011-1484-3

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DOI： 10.3109/14992027.2011.560904

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DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2010.09.007

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPAN OTOLOGICAL SOCIETY  

Intratympanic injection of drugs into the inner ear has been developed for the treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Meniere's disease. However, adhesion covering the round window membrane (RWM) was observed in 10-30% of all the cases. To remove the adhesion prior to injection of drugs we developed and tested two types of new otoendoscopy device that allowed visualization of the round window (RW) membrane. The first otoendoscope for inner ear drug delivery has a fine needle with catheter can be used to remove or perforate RW niche (RWN) mucosal adhesions. The second one is thinner and more flexible to perform less traumatic for tympanic membrane and middle ear. The two types of otoendoscope we developed can be used for application of drugs directly onto the surface of the RWN, and to verify the correct placement of an inner ear drug delivery system.

DOI： 10.11289/otoljpn.21.168

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2011249709

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.063

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DOI： 10.3109/00016489.2010.526961

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.063

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.114.133

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DOI： 10.1159/000330386

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Audiological Society  

DOI： 10.4295/audiology.53.325

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2011009394

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DOI： 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.12.006

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DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.12.008

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)東京医学社  

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DOI： 10.1159/000251916

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this study, a new subcutaneously implanted bone-conduction hearing aid with an external unit and an internal unit is proposed. A prototype transducer was made and installed in a cadaver head, and the performance of the transducer was investigated when the method of installation (number of fixed point) of the transducer was changed. The frequency response of the amplitude of the cadaver generated by the transducer depended on the number of the fixed point. The ear-canal sound pressure generated by the transducer with single point fixation was higher than that with two point fixation. These results suggest that single point fixation method is suitable for installing the transducer to the cadaver.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2010.5.0_3

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Practical Otolaryngology  

DOI： 10.5631/jibirin.103.103

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DOI： 10.1159/000310352

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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DOI： 10.1359/JBMR.080812

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this study, a new subcutaneously implanted bone-conduction hearing aid with an external unit and an internal unit is proposed. The internal unit consists of a receiving coil, a driving coil, and a vibrator made of giant magnetostrictive material (GMM). AM signals were applied to the internal unit through mutual induction between a transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and the force generated by the GMM vibrator was measured with a piezoelectric force sensor. The high-frequency carrier signal was efficiently transmitted from the transmitting coil to the receiving coil, and the force with a component of audible frequency corresponding to the modulating frequency was generated with high intensity. This result suggests that the GMM vibrator had a function of self-demodulation, and a simple structured implanted bone-conduction hearing aid can be developed using GMM.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2009.6.0_217

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1159/000251195

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Practical Otolaryngology  

DOI： 10.5631/jibirin.102.169

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DOI： 10.1159/000151587

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DOI： 10.1159/000151587

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DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2008.05.005

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳科学会  

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2008&ichushi_jid=J02471&link_issn=&doc_id=20080919310042&doc_link_id=%2Fed7otolj%2F2008%2F001804%2F045%2F0275-0275%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fed7otolj%2F2008%2F001804%2F045%2F0275-0275%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyn045

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DOI： 10.1017/S0022215107009875

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DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyn045

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DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2008.01.009

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DOI： 10.1089/hum.2007.167

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DOI： 10.1002/jnr.21533

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&lt;p&gt;Allergic rhinitis is a condition which shows a high prevalence throughout the world. Once a person is sensitized to a specific allergen, spontaneous resolution of the allergy occurs only very rarely and this results in a steady accumulation of patient population. Worldwide attention to this affliction is being paid from both the medical and the economic perspectives. In Japan, the most typical seasonal allergic rhinitis is caused by cedar pollen during the spring months of late February to early May. Rough estimates of a 15 to 20% prevalence rate have been reported and hence Japanese cedar pollinosis is deemed as a national disease. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the treatment are of great concern to the social medical system of Japan. Previously there have been several reports regarding the cost-effectiveness of new medications and desensitization immunotherapy. The authors have previously reported their experience of treating allergic rhinitis with the Nd:YAG laser and its efficacy. However there are no reports, as of yet, on the cost-effectiveness of this procedure. The authors compared the costs of three typical treatment protocols for cedar pollenosis: Nd:YAG laser

DOI： 10.5978/islsm.17.193

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DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hym079

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPAN OTOLOGICAL SOCIETY  

Bone mineral density and morphology of the three auditory ossicles, malleus, incus, and stapes, are maintained by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, correlation between bone resorptive changes in the ossicles and hearing loss has not been established. In this review, we discuss osteoporotic changes of the auditory ossicles and pathology of middle ear diseases through the study of mice lacking osteoprotegerin (Opg^-/-mice), a soluble decoy receptor for the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL. All three ossicles in Opg^-/-mice showed thinning and shortening compared to wild-type controls. Most notably, the junction between the stapes and the otic capsule was fused in Opg^-/-mice unlike in wild-type mice. Furthermore, progressive hearing loss was detected in Opg^-/-mice starting at 6 to 15 weeks of age. These data suggest that OPG plays a crucial role as "audioprotegerin" in hearing by protecting the auditory ossicles and otic capsule from osteoclastic bone resorption. We also discuss clinical implications of resorption of the ossicles for middle ear diseases including otosclerosis and cholesteatoma.

DOI： 10.11289/otoljpn1991.17.168

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008033542

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DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2006.05.016

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DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2006.05.016

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DOI： 10.1159/000097798

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DOI： 10.1159/000097798

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DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2006.01.155

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DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2006.01.014

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DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2006.01.017

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DOI： 10.1016/j.heares.2006.01.017

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会  

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DOI： 10.1002/jnr.20764

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DOI： 10.1017/S0022215105000162

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DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.020

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ant.2004.03.004

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DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2004.01.004

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