Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Dental drilling sounds can induce anxiety in some patients. This study aimed to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the relationship between dental fear and auditory stimuli. Thirty-four right-handed individuals (21 women and 13 men; average age, 31.2 years) were selected. The level of dental fear was assessed using the dental fear survey (DFS). Based on a threshold DFS score > 52, participants were categorized into two groups: dental fear (DF) group (n = 12) and control group (n = 22). Two types of stimuli were presented in a single session: dental and neutral sounds. Cerebral activation during the presentation of these sounds was evaluated using contrast-enhanced blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI. In the DF group, dental sounds induced significantly stronger activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and left caudate nucleus (one-sample t test, P < 0.001). In contrast, in the control group, significantly stronger activation was observed in the bilateral Heschl’s gyri and left middle frontal gyrus (one-sample t test, P < 0.001). Additionally, a two-sample t test revealed that dental sounds induced a significantly stronger activation in the left caudate nucleus in the DF group than in the control group (P < 0.005). These findings suggest that the cerebral activation pattern in individuals with DF differs from that in controls. Increased activation of subcortical regions may be associated with sound memory during dental treatment.

DOI： 10.1007/s10266-023-00898-7

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10266-023-00898-7/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Introduction

Humans mainly utilize visual and auditory information as a cue to infer others’ emotions. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown the neural basis of memory processing based on facial expression, but few studies have examined it based on vocal cues. Thus, we aimed to investigate brain regions associated with emotional judgment based on vocal cues using an N-back task paradigm.

Methods

Thirty participants performed N-back tasks requiring them to judge emotion or gender from voices that contained both emotion and gender information. During these tasks, cerebral hemodynamic response was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Results

The results revealed that during the Emotion 2-back task there was significant activation in the frontal area, including the right precentral and inferior frontal gyri, possibly reflecting the function of an attentional network with auditory top-down processing. In addition, there was significant activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which is known to be a major part of the working memory center.

Discussion

These results suggest that, compared to judging the gender of voice stimuli, when judging emotional information, attention is directed more deeply and demands for higher-order cognition, including working memory, are greater. We have revealed for the first time the specific neural basis for emotional judgments based on vocal cues compared to that for gender judgments based on vocal cues.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1160392

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

According to the operational diagnostic criteria, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are classified based on symptoms. While its cluster of symptoms defines each of these psychiatric disorders, there is also an overlap in symptoms between the disorders. We hypothesized that there are also similarities and differences in cortical structural neuroimaging features among these psychiatric disorders. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed for 5,549 subjects recruited from 14 sites. Effect sizes were determined using a linear regression model within each protocol, and these effect sizes were meta-analyzed. The similarity of the differences in cortical thickness and surface area of each disorder group was calculated using cosine similarity, which was calculated from the effect sizes of each cortical regions. The thinnest cortex was found in SZ, followed by BD and MDD. The cosine similarity values between disorders were 0.943 for SZ and BD, 0.959 for SZ and MDD, and 0.943 for BD and MDD, which indicated that a common pattern of cortical thickness alterations was found among SZ, BD, and MDD. Additionally, a generally smaller cortical surface area was found in SZ and MDD than in BD, and the effect was larger in SZ. The cosine similarity values between disorders were 0.945 for SZ and MDD, 0.867 for SZ and ASD, and 0.811 for MDD and ASD, which indicated a common pattern of cortical surface area alterations among SZ, MDD, and ASD. Patterns of alterations in cortical thickness and surface area were revealed in the four major psychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cross-disorder analysis conducted on four major psychiatric disorders. Cross-disorder brain imaging research can help to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and common symptoms.

DOI： 10.1038/s41380-023-02224-7

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02224-7

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Background

Emotional cognitive impairment is a core phenotype of the clinical symptoms of psychiatric disorders. The ability to measure emotional cognition is useful for assessing neurodegenerative conditions and treatment responses. However, certain factors such as culture, gender, and generation influence emotional recognition, and these differences require examination. We investigated the characteristics of healthy young Japanese adults with respect to facial expression recognition.

Methods

We generated 17 models of facial expressions for each of the six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise) at three levels of emotional intensity using the Facial Acting Coding System (FACS). Thirty healthy Japanese young adults evaluated the type of emotion and emotional intensity the models represented to them.

Results

Assessment accuracy for all emotions, except fear, exceeded 60% in approximately half of the videos. Most facial expressions of fear were rarely accurately recognized. Gender differences were observed with respect to both faces and participants, indicating that expressions on female faces were more recognizable than those on male faces, and female participants had more accurate perceptions of facial emotions than males.

Conclusion

The videos used may constitute a dataset, with the possible exception of those that represent fear. The subject’s ability to recognize the type and intensity of emotions was affected by the gender of the portrayed face and the evaluator’s gender. These gender differences must be considered when developing a scale of facial expression recognition.

DOI： 10.1186/s40359-023-01281-5

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40359-023-01281-5/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult in practical psychiatric settings, in terms of using the current diagnostic system based on presenting symptoms and signs. The creation of a novel diagnostic system using objective biomarkers is expected to take place. Neuroimaging studies and others reported that subcortical brain structures are the hubs for various psycho-behavioral functions, while there are so far no neuroimaging data-driven clinical criteria overcoming limitations of the current diagnostic system, which would reflect cognitive/social functioning. Prior to the main analysis, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric and lateralization alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder using T1-weighted images of 5604 subjects (3078 controls and 2526 patients). We demonstrated larger lateral ventricles volume in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, smaller hippocampus volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia-specific smaller amygdala, thalamus, and accumbens volumes and larger caudate, putamen, and pallidum volumes. In addition, we observed a leftward alteration of lateralization for pallidum volume specifically in schizophrenia. Moreover, as our main objective, we clustered the 5,604 subjects based on subcortical volumes, and explored whether data-driven clustering results can explain cognitive/social functioning in the subcohorts. We showed a four-biotype classification, namely extremely (Brain Biotype [BB] 1) and moderately smaller limbic regions (BB2), larger basal ganglia (BB3), and normal volumes (BB4), being associated with cognitive/social functioning. Specifically, BB1 and BB2–3 were associated with severe and mild cognitive/social impairment, respectively, while BB4 was characterized by normal cognitive/social functioning. Our results may lead to the future creation of novel biological data-driven psychiatric diagnostic criteria, which may be expected to be useful for prediction or therapeutic selection.

DOI： 10.1038/s41380-023-02141-9

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02141-9

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本心身医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal College of Psychiatrists  

Background

Cognitive impairment is common in people with mental disorders, leading to transdiagnostic classification based on cognitive characteristics. However, few studies have used this approach for intellectual abilities and functional outcomes.

Aims

The present study aimed to classify people with mental disorders based on intellectual abilities and functional outcomes in a data-driven manner.

Method

Seven hundred and forty-nine patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression disorder or autism spectrum disorder and 1030 healthy control subjects were recruited from facilities in various regions of Japan. Two independent k-means cluster analyses were performed. First, intelligence variables (current estimated IQ, premorbid IQ, and IQ discrepancy) were included. Second, number of work hours per week was included instead of premorbid IQ.

Results

Four clusters were identified in the two analyses. These clusters were specifically characterised in terms of IQ discrepancy in the first cluster analysis, whereas the work variable was the most salient feature in the second cluster analysis. Distributions of clinical diagnoses in the two cluster analyses showed that all diagnoses were unevenly represented across the clusters.

Conclusions

Intellectual abilities and work outcomes are effective classifiers in transdiagnostic approaches. The results of our study also suggest the importance of diagnosis-specific strategies to support functional recovery in people with mental disorders.

DOI： 10.1192/bjo.2022.50

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(国研)国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

The underlying pathologies of psychiatric disorders, which cause substantial personal and social losses, remain unknown, and their elucidation is an urgent issue. To clarify the core pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, in addition to laboratory-based research that incorporates the latest findings, it is necessary to conduct large-sample-size research and verify reproducibility. For this purpose, it is critical to conduct multicenter collaborative research across various fields, such as psychiatry, neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, neuroimaging, cognitive science, neurophysiology, psychology, and pharmacology. Moreover, collaborative research plays an important role in the development of young researchers. In this respect, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) have played important roles. In this review, we first overview the importance of multicenter collaborative research and our target psychiatric disorders. Then, we introduce research findings on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders from neurocognitive, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic, and basic neuroscience perspectives, focusing mainly on the findings obtained by COCORO. It is our hope that multicenter collaborative research will contribute to the elucidation of the pathological basis of psychiatric disorders.

DOI： 10.1111/pcn.13311

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Medical Association of Nippon Medical School  

BACKGROUND: Modafinil improves wakefulness and attention, is approved in Japan for treatment of narcolepsy, and was reported to be effective for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, it was reported to induce emotional instability, including mania, depression, and suicidal ideation. Such side effects may be related to changes in cognitive behavior caused by the effects of modafinil on emotional recognition. However, the effects of modafinil on the neural basis of emotional processing have not been fully verified. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of modafinil on the neural basis of auditory emotional processing. METHODS: This study adopted a placebo-controlled within-subject crossover design. Data from 14 participants were analyzed. The effects of modafinil on cerebral activation and task performance during an emotional judgement task were analyzed. RESULTS: Task accuracy decreased significantly and response time of emotional judgement was significantly delayed by modafinil, as compared with placebo. Right thalamic activation in auditory emotional processing was significantly less in the modafinil condition than in the placebo condition. In addition, reduction of right thalamic activation by modafinil was positively correlated with accuracy of emotional judgement. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that modafinil acts on the right thalamus and changes behavior and brain function associated with auditory emotional processing. These results indicate that modafinil might change emotional recognition by reducing emotional activation related to social communication.

DOI： 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2021_88-607

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本総合病院精神医学会  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/pcn.13208

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/pcn.13208

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135716

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa {UK} Limited  

DOI： 10.2147/ppa.s204465

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

Background: Previous functional neuroimaging studies of depression have demonstrated frontotemporal dysfunction, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while patients perform working memory and language comprehension tasks. Recent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies have shown frontotemporal hypofunction in depression by verbal fluency task, but the regions of impairment affecting respective depressive symptoms still remain unclear. We investigated frontotemporal function during word production task in depression with multi-channel NIRS. Further, we aimed to clarify whether any depressive symptoms affect frontotemporal dysfunction. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven major depressive patients and 50 healthy control volunteers participated in this study. Their cerebral activations were compared during verbal fluency task. Results: Although performance was not significantly different, hypoactivation in the bilateral frontotemporal regions was significantly observed in depressed patients, compared with controls. Left lateral frontotemporal activation was significantly reduced in the group with mandatory symptom, which is depressed mood, or loss of interest or pleasure, compared with the group that still has residual depressive symptoms in spite MDD having been remitted. Limitation: the MDD group had significantly higher age and education level than the controls. Conclusions Our findings indicate hypofunction of the bilateral frontotemporal regions in depression during verbal fluency task. Further, hypofunction of these regions in the left hemisphere by this task could reflect whether the subjects recovered from depressed mood, or loss of interest or pleasure.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.010

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本総合病院精神医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP  

DOI： 10.1136/jnnp-2017-BNPA.55

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP  

DOI： 10.1136/jnnp-2017-BNPA.80

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Inc  

Introduction The plasma concentration of beta-amyloid (Aβ) has been considered another biomarker of Alzheimer's disease and was reportedly associated with cortical Aβ accumulation. Methods We analyzed 28 subjects with apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4
E4 group) and 89 subjects without ApoE4 (non-E4 group) to determine the association between cortical Aβ accumulation by standard uptake value ratio with [18F]florbetapir positron emission tomography and plasma Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42. Results Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 correlated significantly with mean regional [18F]florbetapir standard uptake value ratio in the non-E4 group (R2 = 0.06, P =.02) but not in the E4 group, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 in the non-E4 group showed sensitivity (92.9%) and specificity (45.9%) with a cutoff value of 0.150 for Aβ positivity. Discussion We verified that the correlation between Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 and Aβ accumulation differed according to ApoE phenotype. The high sensitivity of plasma Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 for Aβ positivity in non-E4 subjects indicated a possible role of plasma Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 as a screening biomarker before amyloid positron emission tomography in clinical settings.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.08.002

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本社会精神医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本社会精神医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION  

Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that Contactin-associated protein-like2 (CNTNAP2) polymorphisms affect left-hemispheric function of language processing in healthy individuals, but no study has investigated the influence of these polymorphisms on right-hemispheric function involved in human voice perception. Further, although recent reports suggest that determination of handedness is influenced by genetic effect, the interaction effect between handedness and CNTNAP2 polymorphisms for brain activity in human voice perception and language processing has not been revealed. We aimed to investigate the interaction effect of handedness and CNTNAP2 polymorphisms in respect to brain function for human voice perception and language processing in healthy individuals. Brain function of 108 healthy volunteers (74 right-handed and 34 non-right-handed) was examined while they were passively listening to reverse sentences (rSEN), identifiable non-vocal sounds (SND), and sentences (SEN). Full factorial design analysis was calculated by using three factors: (1) rs7794745 (A/A or A/T), (2) rs2710102 [G/G or A carrier (A/G and A/A)], and (3) voice-specific response (rSEN or SND). The main effect of rs7794745 (A/A or A/T) was significantly revealed at the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG). This result suggests that rs7794745 genotype affects voice-specific brain function. Furthermore, interaction effect was significantly observed among MFG-STG activations by human voice perception, rs7794745 (A/A or A/T), and handedness. These results suggest that CNTNAP2 polymorphisms could be one of the important factors in the neural development related to vocal communication and language processing in both right-handed and non-right-handed healthy individuals.

DOI： 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00087

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00221

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Research Foundation  

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00105

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)   Publisher：MEDICAL ASSOC NIPPON MEDICAL SCH  

DOI： 10.1272/jnms.79.318

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Comprehending conversation in a crowd requires appropriate orienting and sustainment of auditory attention to and discrimination of the target speaker. While a multitude of cognitive functions such as voice perception and language processing work in concert to subserve this ability, it is still unclear which cognitive components critically determine successful discrimination of speech sounds under constantly changing auditory conditions. To investigate this, we present a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of changes in cerebral activities associated with varying challenge levels of speech discrimination. Subjects participated in a diotic listening paradigm that presented them with two news stories read simultaneously but independently by a target speaker and a distracting speaker of incongruent or congruent sex. We found that the voice of distracter of congruent rather than incongruent sex made the listening more challenging, resulting in enhanced activities mainly in the left temporal and frontal gyri. Further, the activities at the left inferior, left anterior superior and right superior loci in the temporal gyrus were shown to be significantly correlated with accuracy of the discrimination performance. The present results suggest that the subregions of bilateral temporal gyri play a key role in the successful discrimination of speech under constantly changing auditory conditions as encountered in daily life. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2010.02.006

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

Exercise and sports are increasingly being implemented in the management of schizophrenia. The process of action perception is as important as that of motor execution for learning and acquiring new skills. Recent studies have suggested that body-selective extrastriate body area (EBA) in the posterior temporal-occipital cortex is involved not only in static visual perception of body parts but also in the planning, imagination, and execution of actions. However, functional abnormality of the EBA in schizophrenia has yet to be investigated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a task designed to activate the EBA by sports-related actions, we aimed to elucidate functional abnormality of the EBA during observation of sports-related actions in patients with schizophrenia. Twelve schizophrenia patients and 12 age-sex-matched control participants participated in the study. Using sports-related motions as visual stimuli, we examined brain activations during observation of context-congruent actions relative to context-incongruent actions by fMRI. Compared with controls, the patients with schizophrenia demonstrated diminished activation in the EBA during observation of sports-related context-congruent actions. Furthermore, the EBA activation in patients was negatively correlated with the severity of negative and general psychopathology symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Dysfunction of the EBA might reflect a difficulty in representing dynamic aspects of human actions and possibly lead to impairments of simulation, learning, and execution of actions in schizophrenia.

DOI： 10.1093/schbul/sbn132

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD  

To characterize gastrointestinal cancer survivors' ability to psychologically adjust, we examined the relationship between psychological characteristics (quality of life (QOL), anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms) and self-efficacy (perceived ability to initiate coping strategies). Forty-seven subjects (32 males and 15 females) were recruited from outpatient clinics or general surgical wards after readmission for therapy unrelated to cancer. All had undergone treatment for gastrointestinal cancer. Japanese version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), Japanese version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Japanese version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and The Self-Efficacy Scale for Advanced Cancer (SEAC) were administered. Correlation analyses revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between three subscales of SEAC and QOL (total of FACT-G value) and a significant negative correlation between anxiety, depression (the total of HADS value), post-traumatic stress symptoms (the total of IES-R value), and SEAC. In multiple regression analysis, the influence from Affect Regulation Efficacy (subscale of SEAC) was the largest in anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms while the influence from Activities of Daily Living Efficacy (subscale of SEAC) was the largest in QOL and depression. Our findings revealed that a strong relationship between self-efficacy and psychological adjustment, and that there should be several psychological intervention forms performed at various treatment stages to enhance self-efficacy in this population of gastrointestinal cancer survivors. These results also imply the effectiveness of interventions on self-efficacy for gastrointestinal cancer survivors and the influence of psychological factors such as QOL, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/pon.1531

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DOI： 10.1272/jnms.77.188

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We have developed a new educational/clinical ontology named the "Haghighi-Koeda Mood Disorder Ontology", which involves both medical and psychological approaches for mood disorders in order to promote the exchange of information between psychiatrists and psychologists. Data was gathered from more than 5000 articles published in journals and websites specialized in life science. We evaluated and selected articles which were related to 4 main categories of mood disorders. Using Protéǵ 3.4 beta, information related to mood disorders was classified by class/subclass tree in an ontological structure. Then we developed a web-based interface system on the internet enabling the implementation of the ontology. In addition, we have designed an online scale for automated diagnosis of mood disorder. For evaluating experiments, we compare this ontology with "Decisionbase™" of which content deals with mood disorders. Evaluation was in accordance with our selected criteria via the AHP (Analysis of Hierarchical Processing) method. The results demonstrated the noteworthy superiority of our ontology. We believe that combining knowledge of medical science with that in psychological fields is a key to improving the quality of diagnosis and promoting appropriate treaTMent in all psychiatric disorders.

DOI： 10.11480/jmds.560101

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Background: Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been discussed in relation to the role of gliosis in AD. The PBR was shown to have the ability to reflect activated glial cells, including microglia. The role of activated microglia in AD is all important topic in the pathophysiology of AD. The aim of this study was to quantify PBR in AD brain with a new high-sensitive PBR ligand, [C-11]DAA1106.
Methods: Positron emission tomography (PET) scans with [C-11]DAA1106, a potent and selective ligand for PBR, were performed on 10 patients with AD and 10 age-matched control subjects. All patients had mild to moderate dementia. Duration of illness was 1-3 years at the time of the scans. The PBR binding in the regions of interest was quantified by binding potential (BP) obtained from compartmental model analysis with plasma input function.
Results: Mean BP was increased in the brain of AD patients compared with control subjects in all measured regions. Statistical significance reached across many of the regions examined, including dorsal and medial prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, parietal cortex, occipital cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, and cerebellum.
Conclusions: The broad increase of PBR binding measured with [C-11]DAA1106 in the brain of AD patients suggests a widespread existence of cellular reactions with PBR in relatively early-stage AD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.021

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC  

Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the brain regions implicated in moral cognition. However, those studies have focused exclusively on violation of social norms and negative moral emotions, and very little effort has been expended on the investigation of positive reactions to moral excellence. It remains unclear whether the brain regions implicated in moral cognition have specific roles in processing moral violation or, more generally, process human morality per se. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, brain activations during evaluation of moral beauty and depravity were investigated. Praiseworthiness for moral beauty was associated with activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, whereas blameworthiness for moral depravity was related to the posterior superior temporal sulcus. Humans might have developed different neurocognitive systems for evaluating blameworthiness and praiseworthiness. The central process of moral beauty evaluation might be related to that of aesthetic evaluation. Our finding might contribute to a better understanding of human morality.

DOI： 10.1093/cercor/bhm214

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

Aim: Neuroimaging studies on biological motion have established the view that the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is involved in detecting intention of others. Those studies have consistently reported other regions such as body-selective extrastriate body area (EBA) and motion-sensitive middle temporal, in close proximity to pSTS. Whether EBA responds only to static body parts or has a more extended role as part of a system for inferring intention of others has remained an elusive issue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of EBA in processing goal-directed actions.
Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers participated in the present study. Using sports-related motions as visual stimuli, brain activations were examined during observation of goal-directed actions and non-goal-directed actions on functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Results: Compared to non-goal-directed actions, goal-directed actions produced greater activations in EBA along with the mirror neuron system.
Conclusions: EBA might contribute to understanding others' actions by representing the dynamic aspects of human motions.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01757.x

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We aimed to investigate the neural correlates associated with judgments of a positive self-conscious emotion, pride, and elucidate the difference between pride and a basic positive emotion, joy, at the neural basis level using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Study of the neural basis associated with pride might contribute to a better understanding of the pride-related behaviors observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Sixteen healthy volunteers were studied. The participants read sentences expressing joy or pride contents during the scans. Pride conditions activated the right posterior superior temporal sulcus and left temporal pole, the regions implicated in the neural substrate of social cognition or theory of mind. However, against our prediction, we did not find brain activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, a region responsible for inferring others' intention or self-reflection. Joy condition produced activations in the ventral striatum and insula/operculum, the key nodes of processing of hedonic or appetitive stimuli. Our results support the idea that pride is a self-conscious emotion, requiring the ability to detect the intention of others. At the same time, judgment of pride might require less self-reflection compared with those of negative self-conscious emotions such as guilt or embarrassment.

DOI： 10.1093/cercor/bhm120

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

We developed a method using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate the psychological factors of family caregivers of patients with dementia. Further, the family caregivers were questioned on their policy pertaining to the living place of the patients: at their home, nursing home, or hospital. We made inquiries of sixty-two families, resulting in twenty-eight desiring care at home, twenty desiring a nursing home, and fourteen desiring care at a hospital. The more the quality of life was valued, the more the family preferred care at home (r = 0.42). In contrast, the higher the concern regarding the burden of care was, the more the family preferred hospitalization (r = 0.49). This approach was useful in formulating decisions regarding a care policy for older people. Assessment of the psychological factors of family caregivers may provide clues for solving problems in decisions regarding care policy.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEI.2008.355

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN  

Objectives: In our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we determined that there was distinct left hemispheric dominance for lexical-semantic processing without the influence of human voice perception in right-handed healthy subjects. However, the degree of right-handedness in the right-handed subjects ranged from 52 to 100 according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) score. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the correlation between the degree of right-handedness and language dominance in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortices by examining cerebral activation for lexical-semantic processing.
Methods: Twenty-seven normal right-handed healthy subjects were scanned by fMRI while listening to sentences (SEN), reverse sentences (rSEN), and identifiable non-vocal sounds (SND). Fronto-temporo-parietal activation was observed in the left hemisphere under the SEN - rSEN contrast, which included lexical-semantic processing without the influence of human voice perception. Laterality index was calculated as LI = (L-R)/(L + R) x 100, L: left, R: right.
Results: Laterality Index in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortices did not correlate with the degree of right-handedness in EHI score.
Conclusions: The present study indicated that the degree of right-handedness from 52 to 100 in EHI score had no effect on the degree of left hemispheric dominance for lexical-semantic processing in right-handed healthy subjects.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Jealousy-related behaviors such as intimate partner violence and morbid jealousy are more common in males. Principal questionnaire studies suggest that men and women have different modules to process cues of sexual and emotional infidelity. We aimed to elucidate the neural response to sentences depicting sexual and emotional infidelity in men and women using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although there was no sex difference in the self-rating score of jealousy for sexual and emotional infidelity, men and women showed different brain activation patterns in response to the two types of infidelity. During jealous conditions, men demonstrated greater activation than women in the brain regions involved in sexual/aggressive behaviors such as the amygdala and hypothalamus. In contrast, women demonstrated greater activation in the posterior superior temporal sulcus. Our fMRI results are in favor of the notion that men and women have different neuropsychological modules to process sexual and emotional infidelity. Our findings might contribute to a better understanding of the neural basis of the jealousy-related behaviors predominantly observed in males. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.049

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY  

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Language dominance research using functional neuromaging has made important contributions to clinical applications. Nevertheless, although recent neuroimaging studies demonstrated right-lateralized activation by human voice perception, the influence of voice perception in terms of language dominance has not been adequately studied. We aimed to accurately clarify language dominance for lexical-semantic processing in the temporal cortices by focusing on human voice perception.
METHODS: Thirty normal right-handed subjects were scanned by functional MR imaging while listening to sentences (SEN), reverse sentences (rSEN), and identifiable nonvocal sounds (SND). We investigated cerebral activation and the distribution of individual Laterality Index under 3 contrasts: rSEN-SND. SEN-SND, and SEN-rSEN.
RESULTS: The rSEN-SND contrast, including human voice perception, revealed right-lateralized activation in the anterior temporal cortices. Both SEN-SND and SEN-rSEN contrasts, including lexical-semantic processing, showed left-lateralized activation in the inferior and middle frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. The SEN-rSEN contrast, without the influence of human voice perception, showed no temporal activation in the right hemisphere. Symmetrical or right-lateralized activation was observed in 22 of 27 subjects (81.4%) under the rSEN-SND contrast in the temporal cortices. Although 9 of 27 subjects (33.3%) showed symmetrical or right-lateralized activation under the SEN-SND contrast in the temporal cortices, all subjects showed left-lateralized activation under the SEN-rSEN contrast.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that right-lateralized activation by human voice perception could mask left-lateralized activation by lexical-semantic processing. This finding suggests that the influence of human voice perception should be adequately taken into account when language dominance is determined.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Background: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated either reduced left-lateralized activation or reversed language dominance in schizophrenia. These findings of left hemispheric dysfunction could be attributed to language processing tasks, which activate mainly left hemispheric function. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reported right-lateralized temporal activation by human voice perception, but few studies have investigated activation by human voice in schizophrenia. We aimed to clarify the cerebral function of language processing in schizophrenia patients by considering cerebral activation of human voice perception.
Methods: Fourteen right-handed schizophrenia patients and 14 right-handed controls with matched handedness, sex, and education level were scanned by functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to sentences (SEN), reverse sentences (rSEN), and identifiable non-vocal sounds (SND).
Results: Under the SEN-SND and SEN-rSEN contrasts including language processing, patients showed less activation of the left hemisphere than controls in the language-related fronto-tempo-parietal region, hippocampus, thalamus and cingulate gyrus. Under the rSEN-SND contrast including human voice perception, patients showed less activation than controls in the right-lateralized temporal cortices and bilateral posterior cingulate.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that schizophrenia patients have impairment of broader bilateral cortical-subcortical regions related to both the semantic network in the left hemisphere and the voice-specific network in the right hemisphere.

DOI： 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated abnormal central emotional processing in psychiatric disorders. The dopamine (DA) systems and serotonin (5-HT) systems are the main target of psychopharmacotherapy. DA D-2 receptor antagonists and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used in psychiatric practice. Investigating the effects of these drugs on emotional processing should lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric disorders. We aimed to examine effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic manipulation on neural responses to unpleasant pictures in healthy volunteers using pharmacological fMRI.
Thirteen healthy male subjects participated in a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design study. Each subject participated in three fMRI sessions. In each session, participants were orally administered either 25 mg of sultopride or 50 mg of fluvoxamine or placebo prior to scanning, and neural responses to unpleasant and neutral pictures were recorded.
Despite no significant differences being found in the subjective ratings of affective pictures across three sessions, compared to placebo, acute treatments of DA D2 receptor antagonists and SSRIs commonly attenuated the amygdala activity, although both treatments had slightly different modulatory effects on other components of the neural circuit of emotional processing. This study has shown that even acute treatment of drugs that manipulate neurotransmitter systems could affect brain activation associated with emotional processing in human brain. At the same time, our findings suggest that pharmacological fMRI could be a powerful tool for investigating the neurophysiological properties of drugs targeting neuropsychiatric disorders. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.039

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

We aimed to investigate the neural substrates associated with evaluative process of moral emotions. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the similarities and differences between evaluative process of guilt and that of embarrassment at the neural basis level. Study of the neural basis of judgments of moral emotions might contribute to a better understanding of the amoral behavior observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Nineteen healthy volunteers were studied. The participants read sentences carrying neutral, guilty, or embarrassing contents during the scans. Both guilt and embarrassment conditions commonly activated the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), left posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), and visual cortex. Compared to guilt condition, embarrassment condition produced greater activation in the right temporal cortex (anterior), bilateral hippocampus, and visual cortex. Most of these regions have been implicated in the neural substrate of social cognition or Theory of Mind (ToM). Our results support the idea that both are self-conscious emotions, which are social emotions requiring the ability to represent the mental states of others. At the same time, our functional fMRI data are in favor of the notion that evaluative process of embarrassment might be a more complex process than that of guilt. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.054

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Although emotional dysfunction is considered a fundamental symptom of schizophrenia, studies investigating the neural basis of emotional dysfunction in schizophrenia are few. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a task viewing affective pictures, we aimed to examine automatic emotional response and to elucidate the neural basis of impaired emotional processing in schizophrenia. Fifteen healthy volunteers and 15 schizophrenics were studied. During the scans, the subjects were instructed to indicate how each of the presented pictures made them feel. Whole brain activities in response to the affective pictures were measured by fMRI. Controls recruited the neural circuit including amygdaloid-hippocampal region, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, midbrain, and visual cortex while viewing unpleasant pictures. Despite an equal behavioral result to controls, the patients showed less activation in the components of the circuit (right amygdala, bilateral hippocampal region, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, midbrain, and visual cortex). This study demonstrated functional abnormalities in the neural circuit of emotional processing in schizophrenia. In particular, decreased activation in the right amygdala and MPFC appears to be an important finding related to dysfunctional emotional behavior in schizophrenia. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.028

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(国研)国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(国研)国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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J-GLOBAL

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：Medical Association of Nippon Medical School  

DOI： 10.1272/manms.18.72

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：国際生命情報科学会 ISLIS本部  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)最新医学社  

近年、脳機能画像を用いた統合失調症の臨床症状の評価や抗精神病薬の薬効評価が行われている。本稿では、認知行動関連・脳機能画像研究と分子イメージング研究に分け、前者については情動や言語課題を用いた機能的磁気共鳴画像(fMRI)研究や安静時fMRI研究、後者については脳神経伝達機能やトランスポーターに特異的なトレーサーを用いたポジトロン断層撮影(PET)に関する研究を中心に、研究手法の概略と実際の研究内容の紹介を行った。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：国際生命情報科学会  

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used as a clinically convenient application to evaluate pathophysiology in mood disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (m-ECT) is used as one choice of the treatment for severe depression and treatment-resistant depression, but to our knowledge, few studies have investigated the m-ECT effect on cerebral function. Aim: We intended to investigate the therapeutic effect of m-ECT for mood disorders by NIRS. Methods: Based on the approved protocol by the ethics committee, fronto-temporal activity of 13 patients with mood disorders were evaluated during a verbal fluency procedure before and after m-ECT with NIRS. After a complete explanation of the study, written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Patients with mood disorder were classified into one group with 6 depression patterns (D-pattern group) and a second group with 7 manic-depressive patterns (MDI-pattern group) by the frontal lobe mean oxy-hemoglobin pattern based on a previous NIRS study (Takizawa et al., 2014). Results: Depressed state in all 13 subjects was mitigated after m-ECT. Temporal lobe activity in both D-pattern group and MDI-pattern group significantly increased after m-ECT compared to before m-ECT. Frontal lobe activity in the MDI pattern group was much improved after m-ECT compared to frontal lobe activity in the D-pattern group. In the MDI pattern group, the mean of the frontal lobe activity after m-ECT was significantly greater than before m-ECT at the bilateral middle frontal region and the left orbitofrontal region. Conclusion: Our results suggest that temporal lobe activity increases in both D-pattern group and MDI-pattern group, but the frontal lobe activity increases only in MDI pattern group during the verbal fluency task as seen by NIRS after m-ECT accompanied by mitigation of the depressive state.

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生物学的精神医学会・日本神経精神薬理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生物学的精神医学会・日本神経精神薬理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本慢性疼痛学会  

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本神経学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)アークメディア  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本総合病院精神医学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本総合病院精神医学会  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP  

DOI： 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311750.64

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：KARGER  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP  

DOI： 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303538.27

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Language：English   Publisher：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

Weight gain has been identified as being responsible for increased morbidity and mortality rates of schizophrenia patients. For the management of weight gain, exercise is one of the most acknowledged interventions. At the same time, exercise and sports have been recognized for their positive impact on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the neurobiological basis for this remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine the effect of sports participation on weight gain, psychiatric symptoms and brain activation during sports observation in schizophrenia patients. Thirteen schizophrenia patients who participated in a 3-month program, including sports participation and 10 control schizophrenia patients were studied. In both groups, body mass index (BMI), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and brain activation during observation of sports-related actions measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging were accessed before and after a 3-month interval. BMI and general psychopathology scale of PANSS were significantly reduced in the program group but not in the control group after a 3-month interval. Compared with baseline, activation of the body-selective extrastriate body area (EBA) in the posterior temporal-occipital cortex during observation of sports-related actions was increased in the program group. In this group, increase in EBA activation was associated with improvement in the general psychopathology scale of PANSS. Sports participation had a positive effect not only on weight gain but also on psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia. EBA might mediate these beneficial effects of sports participation. Our findings merit further investigation of neurobiological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of sports for schizophrenia. Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e96; doi:10.1038/tp.2012.22; published online 20 March 2012

DOI： 10.1038/tp.2012.22

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.1272/manms.7.224

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：アークメディア  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：アークメディア  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.754

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：アークメディア  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：アークメディア  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1351

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：B M J PUBLISHING GROUP  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：アークメディア  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：B M J PUBLISHING GROUP  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Medical Association of Nippon Medical School  

We report a case of anorexia nervosa with familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC, Fahr's disease). A 30-year-old woman with anorexia nervosa was brought to the Department of Critical Care Medicine because of severe weight loss and dehydration. Imaging studies revealed bilaterally symmetrical calcifications in the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus, and Fahr's disease was diagnosed. Fahr's disease sometimes has comorbid psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and personality changes, but this is the first case of Fahr's disease with anorexia nervosa. This case illustrates the importance of comprehensive medical assessment for psychiatric patients admitted for the first time.<br>

DOI： 10.1272/manms.2.202

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：国立精神・神経センター  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：厚生労働省精神・神経疾患研究班  

リスペリドン服用中の精神分裂病患者4例を対象とし,線条体外ドーパミンD2受容体占有率の経時的変化を調べた.又,精神分裂病患者13例と健康人13例を対象に,MRIを用いて視覚刺激による情動反応の評価を行った.リスペリドンでは血中濃度の減少に比し,大脳皮質ドーパミンD2受容体占有率の減少の程度は少なく,血中濃度が低下しても脳内では高い受容体占有率が維持されていた.分裂病群では,不快刺激に対する脳血流増加が低下し,分裂病における情動鈍麻やアンヘドニアに対応する所見と思われた

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Event date： 2024.6

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Event date： 2024.5

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Event date： 2023.11

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Event date： 2023.11

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Event date： 2023.9

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Event date： 2022.11

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Event date： 2022.11

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Event date： 2022.10

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Event date： 2021.11 - 2021.12

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Event date： 2021.7

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Event date： 2019.6

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Event date： 2019.6

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Event date： 2019.6

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Event date： 2019.6

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Venue：Kings Place, London, UK  

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Venue：松江テルサ、島根  

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Venue：Kyoto University Clock Tower, Kyoto, Japan  

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Venue：福岡国際会議場、福岡  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Chicago, USA  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Chicago, USA  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Geneva, Switzerland  

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Venue：Vancouver Convention Centre, Canada  

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Venue：金沢歌劇座、金沢市、石川県  

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Venue：金沢歌劇座、金沢市、石川県  

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Venue：千葉市文化センター  

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Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター、北海道  

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Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター、北海道  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Venue：China national convention center, Beijing, China  

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